Review exercises
01.- Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 We can get into the house only if you have a key.
can
Only if … you have a key can … we get into the house.
2 If the weather gets any colder, we’ll turn on the heating.
get
Should …………………………we’ll turn on the heating.
3 He had just entered when the telephone rang.
sooner
No ……………………………..the telephone rang.
4 He visits us so rarely that I can hardly remember what he looks like.
visit
So ………………..that I can hardly remember what he looks like.
5 Mark works so hard that I’m sure he’ll be promoted soon.
does
So ……………………that I’m sure he’ll be promoted soon.
6 If you had been there, you would have enjoyed it.
been
Had ……………………….would have enjoyed it.
7 He spoke to me only after I spoke to him.
speak
Only after I spoke to him ……………………………to me.
8 Janet won’t get on a plane under any circumstances.
will
Under …………………………..on a plane.
9 I realised who she was only after a few minutes.
realise
Only after a few minutes …………………….she was.
10 She didn’t know that her wish would come true.
did
Little …………………………………her wish would come true.
11 He didn’t laugh once all evening.
did
Not ………………………………………..all evening.
12 They scarcely talk to each other any more.
do
Scarcely ………………………………..each other any more.
13 This restaurant rarely gets so crowded.
get
Seldom ………………………………….so crowded.
14 If he had left earlier, he would have been on time.
he
Had …………………………. have been on time.
15 She was so happy that she decided to celebrate.
she
So …………………………….she decided to celebrate.
16 This is the only way that we can be sure we are right.
in
Only ………………………….be sure that we are right.
17 If he notices anything, we’ll be in trouble.
notice
Should ………………………………., we’ll be in trouble.
18 Sarah forgot to take her purse and her handbag too.
did
Sarah didn’t remember to take her purse; ……………..to take her handbag.
19 He was so scared that he could hardly breathe.
fear
Such ……………………………….he could hardly breathe.
20 She performed so well that she won an Oscar.
perform
So ……………………………..that she won an Oscar.
21 Thailand is warmer and cheaper than England.
only
Not ……………………….than England, it’s cheaper too.
22 If I were you, I would try calling her again.
you
Were …………………………….. calling her again.
23 The weather hasn’t been this warm since last summer.
has
Not since last summer …………………………….this warm.
24 You must not miss the plane on any account.
no
On ……………………………………the plane.
25 She had just left when the boss asked to see her.
sooner
No …………………………..the boss asked to see her.
26 You will only understand him if you speak French.
will
Only ……………………………you understand him.
27 If you don’t apologise, he will never forgive you.
not
Should …………………….., he will never forgive you.
02.-Rewrite the sentences using “so” or “such” at the beginning of the sentence.
1 The weather was so bad that they stayed at home.
…So bad was the weather that they stayed at home…. .
2 The house was so big that he almost got lost.
So …………………………………………
3 He was so surprised to see her he could hardly speak.
Such ……………………………………………
4 She was so bored by the play that she fell asleep.
So …………………………………………………
5 He was so angry that he shouted at everyone.
Such ……………………………………………….
03.-Fill in “so“, “neither/nor” and the appropriate verb.
1 “I’d like to go to Belgium one day.”
” … So would I …. I’ve never been there.”
2 “I really enjoyed that film last night.”
………………………. It’s one of the best I’ve ever seen.”
3 “I’ve used up all my money.”
………………………………” My purse is empty.”
4 “We didn’t like the food they served yesterday.”
…………………………………..” It was overcooked.”
5 “I feel like going to the beach today.”
……………… Let’s go!”
6 “I can’t remember how to make souffle.
” ……………………….. Let’s look in the recipe book.”
7 “I don’t believe he’s telling the truth.”
……………………………” The facts don’t add up.”
04.-Rewrite the sentences as in the example giving emphasis to the words in bold.
1 Mary sent this card
…It was Mary who sent this card …
2 Judy baked the cake .
3 Did you lock the front door?
4 You need a long rest.
5 Johnny needs a new pair of shoes .
6 Mary came round last night.
7 Where did you go on holiday last year?
8 Why are you always biting your nails?
9 It doesn’t matter what he does, he always makes mistakes .
10 He bought a new ring for her .
11 Are you angry with Jim?
12 Mr Brown called the police .
13 When are you moving house?
14. Jane needs a lot of support at the moment.
15 How will I get there so early in the morning?
05.- Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 You haven’t paid last month’s phone bill.
that
It … is you that/who hasn’t … paid last month’s phone bill.
2 Mr Jones is the manager of the supermarket.
is
It …………………….the manager of the supermarket.
3 Did you go to the Caribbean for Christmas?
you
Was ………………………….the Caribbean for Christmas?
4 The bus driver himself doesn’t want to let any more passengers on board.
who
It ………………….doesn’t want to let any more passengers on board.
5 Julie doesn’t want to invite Malcolm to her party.
is
It ………………………….doesn’t want to invite to her party.
6 My father didn’t let me go out last night.
who
It ……………………….didn’t let me go out last night.
7 Mum, you promised to buy me a new pair of jeans.
did
Mum, ………………………………buy me a new pair of jeans.
8 She said that she might be late for dinner.
say
She ………………………………might be late for dinner.
9 You were the one who wanted to come here.
was
It ……………………………………….to come here.
10 Did he fail his driving test?
failed
Was ………………………………..his driving test?
06.- Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 You should never press the red button on the telephone.
circumstances
Under … no circumstances should you .. press the red button on the telephone.
2 He didn’t know that Jack had planned a surprise party .
did
Little ……………………Jack had planned a surprise party.
3 Tom is the person who made all this possible.
who
It ………………………………………..all this possible.
4 He seldom goes out at the weekends.
go
Seldom ……………………………..at the weekends.
5 I won’t be at home before Monday.
after
Only ………………………………at home.
6 Why were you late for work today?
that
Why ……………………were late for work today?
7 It is impossible for him to find £50,000 to pay the ransom.
can
On no account ……………… to pay the ransom.
8 You’ll only find a good job if you’re lucky nowadays.
will
Only if ………………… find a good job nowadays.
9 His father cooked the dinner on Thursday night.
who
It ………………………….the dinner on Thursday night.
10 He met his wife while on holiday in Italy.
that
It was while he was …………………. he met his wife.
07.- Find the word which should not be in the sentence.
1 Only when did he turned around was he able to see properly.
2 It was only last week who that they got married.
3 Please, do you help yourself to another piece.
4 I can’t drive and neither does can my mother.
5 So long was the journey that I did fell asleep.
6 Not once did she to regret having come.
7 Why is it that she does always looks unhappy?
8 What he needs it is a long holiday.
9 It was Claire who she left work early yesterday.
10 Whoever disagrees should they raise their hand.
11 So much hard was the exam that everyone failed.
12 Mark likes sailing and so too do I.
13 Little did she not know that James would be there.
14 If you talk in class, you will to be punished.
15 Were I be you, I’d apologise.
16 No sooner had he left than that the bomb exploded.
17 Only by he studying will John be successful.
18 What the school does needs is a new canteen.
Review exercises
01.- Form questions, then identify the speech situation for each question.
1 (you/pick up children from school?)
…Could you pick up the children from school?… (request)
2 (I/use the car today?)
3 (you/like/come over to my house?)
4 (you/do my shopping tomorrow?)
5 (what time/shops close today?)
6 (we go/concert this evening”)
7 (I borrow/some money?)
8 (we/go/the cinema tonight?)
9 (you like/go to the beach tornorrowv)
10 (I use/your pen for a minute?)
02.- Fill in: who, whose, which, what, where, how long, how often, what time, when, how many, how much, how or why.
1 ” …What…. does she do for a living?” “She’s a florist.”
2 ” ……………bag is this?” “It’s Mary’s.”
3 “………….. skirt do you prefer, the long one or the short one?”
“The short one.”
4 ” …………………people work in this office?” “Thirty.”
5 ” ……………..is your mother coming back?” “Next week.”
6 ” …………didn’t you tell me that you were leaving?” “I forgot.”
7 ” …………….does a ticket to Edinburgh cost?” “£50.”
8 “……………..have you been living in London?” “Three years.”
9 “……………..times a week do you go to the gym?” ” Four.”
10 “…………………car is that parked outside?” “John’s.”
11 “……………… bus goes to the airport?” “The number 24.”
12 “……………..were you born?” “In Brighton.”
13 ” ……………..does the plane arrive at Heathrow?” “Twelve o’clock.”
14 “…………don’t you come with us to the theatre?” “I’d love to.”
15 “…………….do you get to work?” “By bus.”
16 “……………….is that tall man over there?” “My uncle.”
17 “…………………times have you been to France?” “Three.”
18 ” ………..is the cheapest way to get to Liverpool, by bus or by train?” “By bus.”
19 “………………..do you see your parents?” “Every month.”
20 ” ……………kind of films do you like?” “Adventure stories.”
03.- Write questions for the sentences below. The words in bold should be the answer.
1 James arrived late
…. Who arrived late? …
2 Tina cooked the food .
3 She likes ice skating .
4 My father drove me to school. .
5 It was Ann’s fault. .
6 He bought a new tie .
7 Shakespeare wrote that play .
8 Daniel shouted at Sarah .
9 Sheila didn’t talk to Diane .
10 Henry arrived at ten o’clock .
11 My sister had a baby .
12 Paul gave the parcel to Mary .
13 Anita opened the window .
14 The car belongs to Barbara .
15 I have five brothers .
16 The ticket cost £5 .
17 Nick lives in London .
18 My favourite food is pizza .
19 Simon likes Julie .
20 Dennis was born in 1970 .
21 My favourite pet is the cat. .
22 Tom is getting married to Lisa .
23 Paul gave the parcel to Barbara .
24 The film lasted three hours.
04.- Use the prompts below to make a negative question, then give a suitable reply.
1 A: Why didn’t you come to school yesterday? … Weren’tyou feeling well … ? (you/feeling well)
B: … No,I wasn’t…….
2
A: There was a good film on TV last night. ? (you/watch it)
B: …………………….., I was too tired.
3 A: The meeting’s been cancelled, Mr Bright. ? (anyone/tell you)
B: …………………, they didn’t.
4 A: It’s getting late ? (he/should be here by now)
B: …………………., he should.
5
A: You look very tired ? (you/sleep well last night)
B: …………………, I’m afraid not.
6
A: Why is John at home today? (he/should be working)
B: ………………….., he has the day off.
7
A: Why weren’t you at the party last night? ? (you/be invited)
B: ……………………….., but I didn’t feel like going.
05.- Fill in the appropriate question tag.
1 You have got enough money, .. haven’t you .. ?
2 He will be on time, ……………?
3 There is enough food for everyone, ………………..?
4 She used to fight with her brother, …………….?
5 Everyone felt embarrassed, ………………?
6 I am dressed smartly enough, …………..?
7 That’s your car, ………………?
8 You will pick me up, ………………?
9 Let’s eat dinner now, ………………..?
10 Don’t leave without me, ………………. ?
11 You have been invited,………………….. ?
12 There are a lot of people here, ………………..?
13 She left an hour ago, ………….?
14 He hates pizza,……………… ?
15 That was your father, ……………………. ?
16 Tell me, ………………..?
17 Let me know,……………….. ?
18 Ann can’t speak French,…………….. ?
19 She has a brother,…………….. ?
20 I am older than you, ……………..?
06.- Add an appropriate response expressing disappointment, disapproval, surprise or confirmation.
1 “He is in India.” ” … He is ?”…. (surprise)
2 “It is very cold today.”………….. ?” (confirmation)
3 “It’s five o’clock already.”…………… ?” (surprise)
4 “She failed the exam.” ” ……………..?” (disappointment)
5 “Mary’s ill.” ” ……………..?” (surprise)
6 “He missed the bus.” ” ………………?” (disappointment)
7 “Jack’s her cousin.” ” ……………?” (confirmation)
8 “I haven’t read that book.” “……………. .. ?” (surprise)
9 “He’s a very quiet child.” ” …………..?” (confirmation)
10 “She’s very rude.” ” ……………?” (disapproval)
07.- Add question tags and short answers to the following.
1 “You used to play the piano, …didn’t you… ?” …”Yes, I did”… .
2 “She’s got a loud voice, ……………. ?” “Yes,……………”
3 “Walk a bit slower, …………….?” “No, …………….”
4 “He works for Laura, ………………?” “No, ………….”
5 “You’ve been to Japan, …………….?” “Yes, ………………”
6 “You’re coming to the party tonight, ……….?” “No, …………”
7 “They had been told about it, ………….?” “Yes,……………. ”
8 “Don’t repeat what I told you, ……………?” “No, ………….”
9 “They won’t be very happy, ……….. ?” “No, ……………. ”
10 “You have an appointment this morning, ……..?” “Yes, ……..”
11 “They bought that car last year, ………..?” “Yes, ……………”
12 “He’s going to be surprised, ………?” “Yes, …………… ”
08.- Rephrase the sentences using so, neither/nor or but as in the example:
1 Both Simon and Joe play football.
…Simon plays football. So does Joe …
2 Peter can’t drive and I can’t either .
3 I’ve been to America. David hasn’t. .
4 Sally and Ann don’t want to come .
5 Both Mary and Sam are at school. .
6 Mark doesn’t speak French and Tim doesn’t either .
7 Jane saw the play. Kate did too .
8 I don’t like watching cricket – Daniel does .
9 Sean hasn’t done his homework. Pam hasn’t either .
10 I passed the exam. My friend didn’t pass .
11 Both Peter and I are going to the concert .
12 I don’t approve of gambling. My friends don’t either.
13 Paul has been informed. Louise has too.
14 Tom doesn’t like Thai food. His wife does .
15 Charlie won’t come and Dan won’t either.
16 I can play the violin. My brother can’t.
09.- Add an appropriate response to the following sentences.
1 That’s Harry over there! (surprise) … So it is! …
2 She’s found a job! (surprise)
3 George doesn’t like strawberries. (addition – I) .
4 Diana has gone on holiday. (addition – Alice) .
5 Rebecca doesn’t like Caroline. (addition – I) .
10.- Fill in the blanks using the verb in brackets and so or not
1
A: Will Bill come to the races? (think)
B: … I don’t think so . He’s not very well…
2
A: Will you go away for Christmas? (hope)
B: …………………………… . I need a rest.
3
A: Will your grandmother have to go into hospital? (afraid)
B: …………………………………… She’s very sick.
4
A: How do you know that John will be late?(tell)
B: ……………………… He mentioned it before leaving.
5
A: Are you going shopping tomorrow? (suppose)
B: ………………. There’s no food in the house.
6
A: Is the whole family invited to the reception? (appear)
B: ……………………………. The hall is too small.
7
A: Will you be at home this evening? (expect)
B:…………………………….. I haven’t made any plans.
8
A: Do you think Caroline likes Huqh? (imagine)
B: ………………………………… They don’t seem to get on very well together.
9
A: Can you lend me some money? (afraid)
B: …………………. I haven’t been paid yet.
10
A: Do you think it will rain tomorrow? (hope) B: …………………………………… I want to go on a picnic.
11:
A: Will he approve of the plan? (expect)
B: …………………………………… He’s accepted all our ideas so far.
12
A: Will you be at the wedding? (afraid)
B:………………………………….. I’ll be in Glasgow that weekend.
11.- Fill in short answers as in the example:
A: Shall we go rafting this Sunday?
B: … Yes, of course …. I’m sure we’ll have a nice time.
2
A: Would you like another cup of coffee?
B: ……………………….. . I’m very thirsty.
3
A: Shall I wash your shirt for you?
B: ……………………. . I’ll do it later.
4
A: Will you be able to drive me to work?
B: ………………………….. The car’s broken down.
5
A:Shall we go out for a meal tonight?
B: ……………………………… We haven’t been out for ages.
6
A: Would you and Bill like to come over on Saturday night?
B: …………………………….. We’ve been invited to a party.
7
A: Could you go and buy some fruit?
B: ……………………… I have nothing to do at the moment.
8
A: Can I wear your blue jumper today?
B: …………………………………. I’m going to wear it.
9
A: May I borrow this book?
B: …………………………………….. I’ve read it already.
10
A: Will you be coming tomorrow?
B: …………………………. I have to go to the dentist.
12.- Find the word which should not be in the sentence.
1 John goes jogging every morning, doesn’t he go?
2 Would you mind to picking some things up at the supermarket? 3 That’s your car, isn’t it this?
4 How long have you be lived in London?
5 There is a problem with the photocopier again, isn’t it there?
6 Don’t forget to ring the dentist, will you not?
7 How long time does it take to get there?
8 Would you to like a cup of coffee?
9 Didn’t you not see him yesterday?
10 She used to be a flight attendant, didn’t use she?
11 Who did told you about the problem?
12 How long is it the film?
13 Could you mind copy these notes for me?
14 What Tom did he say about the assignment?
Review exercises
01.- Fill in: this, these, that or those.
1 Look at … those … hot air balloons. Aren’t they spectacular?
2 James and Claire have decided to get married …….. year.
3 Look! ……….. is the fabric I want for our bedroom curtains.
4 …… people over there come from Swansea.
5 …… girl over there is going to move in next door.
6 …… buildings in the centre of town need to be pulled down. They are an eyesore.
7 ” ….. were the best days of my life!” , grandpa said.
8 “Is your sister in, Jane? ….. is Diana speaking.”
9 “Marilyn and Ian are engaged!” “Isn’t …… brilliant!”
10 “Rachel, let me introduce you to Stephen. Stephen, ….. is Rachel.”
11 I wish I’d bought one of …… jackets we saw last week.
12 “I’ll take ….. earrings.” ” …… is a good choice. The others don’t really suit you.”
13 ……car parked over there belongs to my boss.
14 ” …… is one of his earlier works,” explained the guide as we all looked at the painting.
15. Do you know ……boy who has just walked past?
16 “Did you know that the director earns over £500,000 a year?” ” ….. is scandalous!”
17 …… peaches were extremely juicy, weren’t they?
18 “Jason and Caroline were chosen for the lead roles.” ” ….. is impossible!”
19 Do you remember our holiday in Spain? …… was one of the best times of my life.
20 Could you take …… bags? I’m about to drop them.
21 “So you see, ….. is how we met,” she explained as she reached the end of her story.
22 Hello, ….. is Stephen. Can I speak to your mother, please?
23 …… is the house where Wordsworth lived,” said the guide as she stood outside the front door.
24 ….. curry we had last night was delicious, wasn’t it?
25 Can you reach …..jars on the top shelf?
02.- Fill in: a lot (of), much or many.
1 Not … many. .. children believe in Father Christmas any more.
2 It takes …… hard work to get a university degree.
3 I haven’t got ….. money at the moment so I can’t go shopping.
4 He ate too ….. food last night so today he’s not feeling well.
5 I have too ….. books to carry so my bag is very heavy.
6 He must have ….. money if he has a big car like that.
7 I haven’t got …… time, so please hurry up.
S There were too ……. misprints in the letter.
9 Have you invited …… guests to your dinner party?
10 She doesn’t have …… of an appetite – that’s why she’s so thin.
11 Are there …… English people living in Germany?
12 How ….. milk do you need?
13 She’s working overtime as she’s got so ….. to do.
14 The house isn’t finished yet; there’s still ….. work to be done.
15 There was so ….. traffic that we were delayed for an hour.
03.- Underline the correct item.
1 There are much/many/a lot skyscrapers in Chicago.
2 We spent a lot of/many/few money on holiday.
3 A lot/Much/Few visitors are disappointed by our hotel.
4 If you add a little/a few/many salt, it will taste better.
5 There are much/a lot of/little people on this bus.
6 We’ve had many/little/too many rain this winter.
7 Few/Much/A little people are as pretty as she is.
8 There’s been few/very little/a few news about the earthquake.
9 You must pay many/lots of/few attention to understand this.
10 Lots of/Much/Little flowers were planted in the garden.
11 A few /A little/Little students here have passed the exam.
12 There was many/few/much annoyance caused by her outbreak of anger.
04.- Underline the correct item.
1 Don’t worry, I said nothing/anything.
2 Pete didn’t see anyone/no one come out of the building.
3 We need to take some/any food with us.
4 It took him any/some time to recover from his illness.
5 Anybody/Everybody was pleased with their exam results.
6 Is there any/some sugar in this coffee? II’s very
bitter.
7 We didn’t go nowhere/anywhere this year.
8 Can I have some/any water please?
9 The doctor told her there was anything/nothing wrong with her.
10 He does his homework any/every evening before dinner.
05.- Fill in: some, any, no, every or their compounds.
1 Ron knows …everything … there is to know about computers.
2 …………..knows Charlie but …………. really likes him.
3 We could hardly see …………….. in the dark.
4 I’m so tired! I just want to go …………. to relax for a few days.
5 I’ve never been …………………. more exciting than London.
6 Are you doing ……………….at the moment? I need to ask you .
7 Michael never does …………….. without asking first.
6 Is there ……………milk in the fridge or shall I go and get ……. ?
9 …………….. was very pleased with their results; …….. was disappointed.
10 Has ……………. told you ……….. about what you have to do?
11 There is ……………that ………..can say to make me feel better.
12 They looked …………. for Helen but they couldn’t find her.
13 …………. is wondering why ……….. noticed ………… before.
14 I want to go ………. this weekend. I haven’t been ………. for ages.
15 Has ……… seen my pen? I’ve looked for it ………but it’s ……… to be found.
06.- Underline the correct item.
1 Both/All Margo and Steve are models.
2 Neither/Either Julie nor Lucy enjoyed the film.
3 He goes to the gym either/every day.
4 Both/Neither Rebecca and Charlie are teachers.
5 You will have to talk to each/both person alone to find out what happened.
6 All/Each eight men are working really hard.
7 None/Every of the applicants he interviewed were suitable for the job.
8 Every/All that he needs is a good rest. He’s very tired.
9 Neither/Either the bride nor the groom arrived on time. They were all/both late.
10 There’s no/none need to do the washing up. The maid will do it.
11 He spent whole/all the evening studying for the exam.
12 Jim speaks neither/either French nor German. He only speaks English.
13 There was a good film on television yesterday but all/none of us saw it.
14 Sam plays football nearly each/every day.
15 I like both of these skirts but I’ll take this ones/one because it’s cheaper.
16 Each/All flat will have central heating installed before November.
17 Sally and Andrew all/both enjoyed themselves.
18 Jane did not utter a single word the whole/all time she was here.
19 Annette takes the bus to work neither/every day.
20 Either/Neither you start doing some work or I’ll fire you.
21 “Do you like these trousers?” “No, I prefer those ones/one actually.”
22 I spent all/whole day answering the phone and had no time to do anything else.
23 All of/None of us wanted to go to the party, but we couldn’t refuse the invitation.
24 Joe had no/none time to waste; the boat was leaving in five minutes.
25 Both/Either Sonia and Rachel are nurses.
26 A teacher should know the names of every/all his students.
27 None of/All of us eat meat so we went to a vegetarian restaurant.
28 Each/Both time I try to call Jenny her phone is engaged.
29 “Which perfume do you like best?” ” I don’t really like either/neither of them.”
30 The twins’ grandfather gave them all/each five pounds for their birthday
07.- Rewrite the sentences using both … and, neither … nor, either … or, not only … but also.
1 Joe likes swimming and so does Tom.
…Both Joe and Tom like swimming …
2 Molly is going to the cinema tomorrow; so are the Smiths
3 James and Alex like riding horses
4 Jane has never been on an aeroplane and Victoria hasn’t either
5 Nick worked late; so did Sue and Fiona
6 Dr Green will see you or else Dr Howe will
7 Daniel is going to Brighton by train and so is Guy
8 Justin doesn’t watch television. Andrew doesn’t either
9 Katie will give you directions or else Paula will
10 Pete is a lawyer and so is Kathy
11 Paul works as a cashier; so does Bob and Fred
12 Jill is having her hair cut; so are Sally and Lynn
13 Cath could give us a lift or else Laura could
08.- Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 My father doesn’t like cheese and neither does my brother.
nor
Neither my father … nor my brother like(s). .. cheese.
2 William is a dentist; John is too.
are
Both ………………………………………… dentists.
3 Debbie enjoys scuba diving and so does her husband.
enjoy
Both Debbie ……………………………………….scuba diving.
4 Sandra can speak Portuguese and Spanish.
only
Sandra ………………………… ; she can also speak Spanish.
5 You can ask Tim for a lift to work or you can ask Sam.
either
You can …………………………….for a lift to work.
6 It is believed that Jack is guilty and that Pam is too.
both
It is believed that ……………………..guilty.
7 We didn’t realise that Tina wasn’t there and that Ann wasn’t either.
nor
We didn’t realise that …………………..there.
8 The bank manager explained that Terry could co-sign the account or else Janet could.
either
The bank manager explained that ……………co-sign the account.
9 He told me that Chester is worth a visit and so is York.
and
He told me that …………………………. worth a visit.
10 Did you know that Carole is getting married this year and so is Arnanda?
not
Did you know that …………….. Amanda is getting married this year?
9.- Fill in: whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whoever or however.
1 My dog follows me ….wherever….. I go, He never leaves my side,
2 That chair is going to break again …………….. well you fix it.
3 ……………… happens I’ll still be his friend,
4 ……………… I try to talk to Kate she just ignores me.
5 The bus is leaving. ………….wants a ticket must buy one now.
6 Sam has a Spanish friend, , ………… he goes to Spain he stays with him.
7 ………….. hard I try, I can’t seem to forget that awful night.
8 …………………we go to the cinema Julie pays for me,
9 He dresses smartly. ……….. he goes he makes a good impression.
10 I won’t accept that behaviour from anyone, ……… they may be.
10.- Complete the blanks using “else” constructions.
1 I’d better get some money out of the bank …or else… I won’t be able to pay the rent.
2 Someone told me that Jim was leaving and then …… told me that he wasn’t.
3 I went shopping on my own because …….. wanted to come with me.
4 You’d better be in bed by ten o’clock ………. there’ll be trouble.
S Why don’t you agree with this plan? .. ………… does.
6 We always go to Nice on holiday; can’t we go ……… this year?
7 I’m afraid I can’t answer that question. You’d better ask ………
8 Why did they put a parking ticket on my car? ……… has one.
9 You’d better write your essay ……… you’lI be in trouble.
10 That bag isn’t mine – it must belong to ……….
11.- Fill in: (the) other(s), each other, every other or another.
1 Lisa goes riding …… every other … week.
2 I need …………….. pair of shoes; these are falling apart.
3 There was a good film on TV ………….. night. Did you see it?
4 We’re leaving now; ……………. will join us later.
5 My mother telephones , ………….. day to see how I am.
6 He has to write …………. two pages before the article is finished.
7 Have you got …………. book I can read? I’ve finished mine.
8 Some couples are very dependent on ………… for companionship.
9 I was the only one who liked the film; …………….. hated it.
10 It’ll be …………….few weeks before I see my brother again.
11 Although they work together, they don’t get on with …………
12 Sue has to go to the supermarket …………… day to buy food.
13 Simone came to see us …………….. day; she looked very well.
14 There’s only ……………… week to go before the summer holidays begin.
15 This was the only house that we could afford; all ………… were too expensive.
12.- Replace the underlined words with an expression containing other/another.
1 He plays football once a fortnight.
… He plays football every other week… .
2 I would like one more piece of meat please .
3 Sam left a few days ago .
4 I’ve only got these two dresses with me – the rest are at home .
5 This car is certainly value for money but I’d prefer something else .
6 Some guests turned up with presents while several more came empty handed
7 The Butlers went to Ohio a few weeks ago
8 Do you think I could borrow £5 more this week, please? .
9 Pat visits her mother on alternate days .
10 I would like Gill and Tom to stay behind after class, the rest of you can go home .
13.- Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 Bob speaks French. Sam speaks French too.
speak
Both … Bob and Sam speak … French.
2 No one knows what the outcome will be.
anyone
There ………………………………… what the outcome will be.
3 There isn’t anything to watch on television tonight.
nothing
There ……………………………….. on television tonight.
4 The girls all dislike playing tennis.
likes None ………………….playing tennis.
5 Lucy is a doctor. Fiona is a doctor too.
are
Both ………………………………….. doctors.
6 There isn’t anything I would like better.
is
There ………………………………………like better.
7 No one knows the way to the airport.
anyone
There ………………………………. the way to the airport.
8 These exercises are not hard to do.
of
None ……………………………………… hard to do.
9 Tony lives abroad. Sylvia does too.
live
Both ………………………………… abroad.
10 There isn’t anything Joanne can do to help me.
nothing
There ………………………………….to help me.
14.- Fill in the correct pronouns or possessives.
Dear Mary,
1) … We … ‘re having a marvellous time here In Rhodes. The island is absolutely beautiful. 2) ….. is a lot bigger than 3) ….. expected. 4) ….. hired a car for the first week so 5) ….. visited all the interesting places on the island, which was fabulous – if a little tiring.6) …..ell worth getting a car. 7) ….. intend to relax for the rest of 8) holiday.
The children have been behavlng 9) …… , and there’s a children’s representative based at the resort
so 10) …… takes care of all the children for 4 hours each morning. 11) …… is a lovely qirl and the children are mad about 12) . At least that gives James and 13) ….. the rnorning to 14) ….. .
The hotel is great and the staff are really friendly. 15) …… appreciate 16) …… attempts to speak the Greek language. The weather is great and 17) …… are getting a lovely tan. That’s all 18) …… news. 19) …… will see you when 20) …… get back. Take care and thanks again for looking after 21) …… pets.
Love,
Samantha, James & the kids
15.- Fill in the blanks with “the” or “(own +) possessive adjective“.
1 The boxer was disqualified after kicking his opponent in ..the … leg.
2 The mother hugged …… son as he left for school.
3 Someone hit him in …… face on his first day of school.
4 She kissed …… father on …… cheek before she went to bed.
5 A bee stung her on …… arm while she was sunbathing.
6 A dog bif Sharon on …… leg.
7 He used to share a room with ……brother but now he has …… room.
8 A brick fell and hit her on …… head so she had to spend two weeks in hospital.
9 She patted her daughter on …… back and told …… not to worry.
10 She hasn’t got a car …….. so she has to borrow her mother’s.
16.- Fill in: of one’s own, on one’s own or one’s own.
1 She enjoys being … on her own. …
2 I can borrow my father’s car but I’d really love to have ………car.
3 He couldn’t afford to rent a flat ………. so he had to share with a friend.
4 He’s quite a sociable person, but there are times when he really wants to spend some time …………
5 I’d love to set up ………..business one day. I think I’d find it very challenging
6 Thank you for your offer of help, but this is my problem and I shall handle it……….. .
7 He couldn’t paint the house ……………. so he asked his brother to help him.
8 I offered to help her as she wouldn’t have been able to prepare all that food ………………….
9 They’re saving all their money so they can buy a car …………..
10 She started ………………… hairdressing business when she was only sixteen.
17.- Fill in the correct pronoun, then identify them: reflexive or emphatic.
1 There was nobody to help me so I had to do all the cleaning … myself. … (emphatic)
2 If you don’t behave……… , I shall put you all to bed early.
3 The music in the club was so loud that I had to shout to make …………. heard.
4 The teacher tried to make ………………… understood but she failed to get the class to understand.
5 We painted the room …………………………. .
6 She was very pleased with ………….. when she got such a good job.
7 My mother warned my brother to behave ………………..at the wedding.
8 I think I’ll get a cat. They’re very clean animals which are always washing ………………..
9 She prepared all the food by …………………
10 I think I’d go back to Austria. We really enjoyed ………..there
11 My sister is very vain. She never stops looking at ………….. in the mirror.
12 I don’t feel …………….. today. I don’t know what’s wrong with me.
13 My father decorated the house ……………………….
18.- Fill in: there or it.
1 …It…’s such a pity you can’t come with us. … is said that Rome is beautiful at this time of the year.
2 ….’s such a lovely day today – let’s go for a picnic . …..’s
a good picnic site only 5 kms from here.
3 We’d better take our anoraks. ……. are lots of clouds in the sky. …… looks like it’s going to rain.
4 Let’s go by car. …… will only take us 2 hours to drive there.
5 …..’s nothing on the television tonight. …..’s a shame we didn’t go to the cinema.
6 Mum, ……’s a man at the door. He wants to talk to you.
7 ……..’s so nice to see you. ….. seems that we haven’t had a proper chat in ages.
8 …….’s a pity you can’t come to the cinema tonight. …….’s a new film on.
9 ……….’s someone waiting to see you.
10 ……… are some new magazines on your desk.
11 ……….. appears that she has quit her job.
12 This fax machine doesn’t work properly. ……. seems to be faulty.
13 …….. seems to be heavy traffic. We may be late.
14 ………’s a shame he lied to you.
15 ………. are several letters for you on your desk.
16 ……….. ‘s another thirty miles to Brighton.
19.- Rewrite the following in the correct possessive form.
1 the child – the toys: the child’s toys
2 the temperature – the water .
3 the women – the clothes
4 Brian and Jack – the father .
5 the cats – the kittens
6 Katy and Sarah – the cars .
7 the fridge – the door
8 a flight – eight hours .
9 my parents – the car
10 Emily – the hair.. .. .
11 the roof – the house
12 the doctors – the conference .
13 the man – the trousers
14 the lid – the box .
15 the dogs – the kennels
16 the twins – the mother .
17 the teachers – the room
18 my father-in-law – the garden .
19 the woman – the money
20 the yacht – my brother’s friend .
21 the men – the changing rooms
22 the boy – the shirt .
23 the train – the windows
24 my sister’s husband – the office .
25 the old man – the wheelchair
26 the apples – the price .
27 the rules – the club
28 the old woman – the umbrella .
29 the girl – the eyes
30 a walk – two miles .
20.- Complete the following sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 In the company where I work. Mr Jones is the boss.
of
Mr Jones … is the boss of … the company where I work.
2 This jumper used to belong to my mother.
was
This ……………………………………….. jumper
3 It takes twelve hours to drive to Scotland.
hour
It is ……………………………..to Scotland.
4 I know that John dislikes playing golf and so does Simon.
nor
I know that …………………………. playing golf.
5 In the USA the President lives in the White House.
of
The……………………………….. .. in the White House.
6 Are you sure that you can drive to London on your own next week?
yourself
Are you sure you can ……………………………… next week?
7 There are only a few people here tonight.
not
There ……………………………… tonight.
8 She wanted to sit down but another person had taken her seat.
someone
She wanted to sit down ………………………… her seat.
9 He doesn’t know very much about cars.
knowledge
He ………………………………………….. cars.
10 I enjoy being alone sometimes.
by
I …………………………………….. sometimes.
11 He enjoys reading books as well as going to the cinema.
both
He ………………………. going to the cinema.
12 Bob doesn’t like playing football and Sam doesn’t either.
likes
Neither …………………………… playing football.
13 You must do the work on your own if you want to pass the exam.
yourself
You must ………………………… if you want to pass the exam.
14 She waited all evening for him to come.
whole
She ………………………….. for him to come.
15 She had done everything except the ironing.
thing
The ………………………………. done was the ironing.
16 The journey to France takes four hours.
is
It ………………………………………… to France.
17 At my school, Mrs Forrester is the headmistress.
of
Mrs Forrester ………………………………….. my school.
18 There were very few guests at Sharon’s wedding.
many
There …………………….. at Sharon’s wedding.
19 She went alone to see the film.
own
She ……………………………..to see the film.
20 They just sat on the beach all day.
nothing
They …………………………on the beach all day.
21 She spent all evening at her friend’s house.
whole
She ………………………………. at her friend’s house.
22 You are free to leave at any time you choose.
whenever
You are free ……………………………. you choose.
23 He has been to every continent except Asia.
continent
The …………………………………been to is Asia.
24 We could go to Holland. Alternatively, we could stay in England.
or
We could ……………………………. stay in England.
25 I was supposed to meet Tanya few days ago but he didn’t turn up.
the
I was supposed to meet ……………………but he didn’t turn up.
26 We haven’t had any time to see each other.
no
We …………………………………..to see each other.
27 He invited both his parents and his friends to the party.
only
He ……………………………but also his friends to the party.
28 She finished the book in one night.
whole
She ………………………………………in one night.
29 She drank from another person’s cup by mistake.
someone
She drank ……………………………by mistake.
21.- Find the word which should not be in the sentence.
1 We all us went to see a film last night.
2 She always enjoys buying them gifts for her family.
3 They admire each the other a lot.
4 They are both of very happy about the news.
5 Everyone child has to be at school by nine o’clock.
6 She stood herself up and went to the front of the classroon
7 Jenny hadn’t realised how far away her own friend lived.
8 I spent the whole of day writing letters.
9 My brother he works in a bank.
10 She likes being by herself own more than being with others
11 If anyone person calls, tell them to call back in an hour.
12 This shirt is nice but and the other one is nicer.
13 There are a lot of much animals to see in the zoo.
14 Somebody or else will show you how to do it.
15 Whoever he gave you those instructions was mistaken.
16 I don’t know how much about Physics.
17 He hates waking up himself early in the morning.
18 My uncle he owns a large restaurant.
19 All of runners must take their places for the race to begin.
20 The only else thing he could do was refuse the offer.
21 Joe is so busy that he has a very little time to do anything.
22 She is too much young to get married.
23 There was not someone in the room.
24 She turned herself round to see who was behind her.
25 She took someone else’s books instead of her own one.
22.-Find the odd word out.
0 Arriving in a foreign country for the first time can be OK
00 extremely nerve racking. Even if you are on the holiday the
1 with a large group of friends or with a tour guide to help you
2 out, you never know what it might happen. Firstly
3 there is the worry of hearing a language which you really
4 don’t understand at the all. If you are ever in a situation
5 where you have to be communicate with someone in a
6 foreign language, you may become panic. It never
7 really seems to matter that though, because I find
8 that sign language always gets me by in these situations.
9 For an example, you can use your fingers to show how
10 many of items you want from a shop. In a hotel you can
11 act out your requests to use the telephone, to eat a dinner
12 and take a shower or bath. In fact you could to say that
13 this aspect of holidaying at abroad makes it all
14 much the more entertaining. After all, it would be very boring
15 if the whole world spoke with the same language.
Review exercises
01 Fill in the correct noun.
To be a good teacher, a teaching (0) ..qualification… is QUALIFY
not all you need. Your (1) … plays a big PERSON
part in the (2) … of your work, so it’s EFFECTIVE
best to make a thorough (3) … of your EXAMINE
own character before taking the (4) … DECIDE
to take up this challenging (5) … OCCUPY
Apart from (6) … , you also need the PATIENT
(7) to accept others’ ideas and a ABLE
(8) to learn from your own mistakes. WILLING
(9) to the needs of your students is also SENSITIVE
important. (10) … is not enough – who you KNOW
are is much more important.
02.- Complete each pair below by adding the male or female equivalent .
husband … wife …
………….. lady
emperor ……………..
hero …………….
count ……………
…………. spinster
father …………….
………… duchess
heir ……………
…………. manageress
salesman ……………
………… queen
prince ……………
………… widow
uncle ……………
……………. niece
policeman ……………
…………… landlady
bridegroom …………..
………….. host
monk ………….
………….. actress
conductor ……………
barman …………..
…………. stewardess
lion …………..
………… waitress
dog ……………
03.- Write the plural of the following words .
1 day … days… 8 church 15 baby 22 brush
2 box 9 thief 16 corkscrew 23 piano
3 kilo 10 fly 17 foot 24 child
4 tomato 11 tooth 18 life 25 cliff
5 knife 12 medium 19 passer-by 26 lady
6 donkey 13 shelf 20 country 27 wife
7 man 14 photo 21 steering wheel 28 kiss
04.- Underline the correct verb form.
1 Chemistry …are/is.. my least favourite subject
2 Your bathroom scales is/are not very accurate.
3 £2000 is/are far too expensive for that stereo.
4 Table-tennis is/are sometimes referred to as ping-pong.
5 The police is/are coming to the rescue.
6 Paper is/are made from wood.
7 Children likes/like playing games.
8 The scissors don’t/doesn’t work very well.
9 These trousers is/are terribly unflattering.
10 Education are/is considered to be very important by almost everyone.
11 Most people worry/worries about the effect of pollution on the environment
12 Water is/are necessary for plants to grow.
13 When I’m ill my hair becomes/become greasy.
14 The rubbish has/have been taken away.
15 The information is/are inaccurate.
16 Binoculars is/are needed to see that far.
17 His luggage was/were left on the platform.
18 The stairs is/are very dangerous.
19 Mumps is/are contagious.
20 The news was/were unexpected.
21 His experience of travel is/are limited.
05.- Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1 The water in this lake …….looks …. (look) very clean.
2 Making mistakes (be) only natural.
3 Maths (not/interest) me very much.
4 All of our furniture (be) brand new.
5 Sugar (damage) your teeth.
6 Snow rarely (fall) in this part of the country.
7 The applause (be) very loud.
8 The news they brought us (be) good.
9 Your trousers (not/match) your shirt.
10 The team (discuss) strategy before every game.
11 Chickenpox (give) you an itchy rash.
12 Billiards (be) his favourite game.
13 The accommodation here (seem) very expensive.
14 The pliers (be) in the tool box.
15 Knowledge of other languages (help) people in business.
16 Ten minutes (be) too little time to finish this report.
17 Every time I travel, some of my luggage (get) damaged.
18 Welsh (be) difficult to learn.
19 The staff (be) happy with the pay-rise.
20 Sophisticated machinery (cost) a lot of money.
06.- Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first sentence.
1 An official found her luggage near the check-in desk.
Her luggage … was found by an official near the check-in-desk…
2 They are teaching physics in room 2A.
Physics …………………………………….
3 Traditional craftsmen have used the best wood to make these ornaments.
The best wood ……………………………………………………………………..
4 You need to have experience if you wish to apply for this job.
Experience ……………………………………………………………
5 Rangers protect the woods.
The woods …………………..
6 He tore his trousers in the fight.
His trousers ……………………… .
7 We give exam advice at the end of the course.
Exam advice ………………………………………..
8 He classified the information as “Top Secret”.
The information …………………………………..
9 A security guard protects our property.
Our property ………………………………
10 That shop is selling wedding dresses at half price.
Wedding dresses ………………………………………..
11 We need new members for our tennis club.
Our tennis club ………………………………….
12 You can find cheap silver jewellery in Portugal.
Cheap silver jewellery ………………………………
13 One doesn’t need money to be happy.
Money ………………………………………
14 He used his experiences in Africa to write his book.
His experiences in Africa ………………………………..
15 The crime is being investigated by the police.
The police …. . …………………………………….
07.- Underline the correct items.
1 We’ve had a great deal of, many, a few, plenty of, a little rain this year.
2 She drinks too much, several, a lot of, too many, a little cups of tea every day.
3 The proposal got a lot of, a few, some, several, a good deal of support from the public.
4 We spend a number of, several, a lot of, plenty of, many time at our country house.
5 There is many, hardly any, no, little, several milk left – could you buy some?
6 He wastes many, lots of, few, a great deal of, too much money.
7 They couldn’t give us hardly any, a few, much, a lot of, a large number of evidence so we had to release the suspect.
8 She left many, plenty of, a large quantity of, a few, some jewellery to her grandchildren.
9 There were several, both, a little, a lot of, a small quantity of people at the meeting.
10 She bought a few, several, some, plenty of, lots of new cutlery.
11 I’ve enjoyed a number of, no, both, some, a good deal of his films.
12 He’s made several, a good deal of, a little, a few, a lot of progress in his studies.
13 She always takes several, both, plenty of, a great quantity of, a number of luggage when she travels.
14 He gave us a couple of, some, no, many, plenty of useful advice.
15 There were much, a couple of, no, a good deal of, a few rooms available on the island.
08.- Fill in: a, an, the, any or some where necessary.
1 “Have you got …any. .. smoked ham?” “I ordered …….last week, but ……supplier had run out so it’ll be a while before I have……. ” “Oh, okay. How much is ……..boiled ham?”
2 When I opened …… door this morning ……. man was standing there with …… flowers in his hand. When I asked him if I could be of ….. help he blushed, said, “I’ve got …… wrong house,” and ran away.
3 He’s been in …… country for ….. six months but he can’t speak …… English yet. Give him.
…… help with learning ….. language, please.
09.- Fill in “the” where necessary.
1 ..The…. Great Wall of China is said to be …… only man-made structure seen from space.
2 ….. Princess of Wales visited a shelter for ….. homeless yesterday.
3 ….. Rock Garden cafe is half way up …… Queen Street, off …… George Square.
4 …… Quins are holding a ball in …… Sherbrooke Castle Hotel on …… fifth of June.
5 When we arrived at …..Manchester Airport, Rachel was waiting for us at ….. arrivals gate.
6 James went to …… hospital to pick up his wife who is a surgeon there.
7 It’s interesting to look at ….. old maps of …… world and see how …… borders have changed.
8 If you go to ….. New York, you must visit …… Central Park, …… Guggenheim museum . Forget about ….World Trade Center (it’s not there any more), and don’t bother to visit …..Times Square.
9 I was thinking of making …… lasagne, but if you prefer we can go to ….. Queen’s Arms pub for ……lunch.
10 As soon as Jim got home from ….. school he went straight to ….. bed because he felt as if
he had ….. flu.
11 Margaret Thatcher, who was ….. Prime Minister of ….. Great Britain for 12 years, is now
known as…… Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven.
12 We’ve decided to go to ….. Canary Islands on holiday. Last year we went to ….. Crete and
liked …..people there very much.
13 I was born in ….. North of England, but when I was in ….. infant school we moved to ….. Lewes, which is in ….. East Sussex.
14 In ….. office where I work ….. most people have a degree in ….. English, but my boss,
who is ….. nicest person I’ve ever worked for, has a PhD in …… astronomy.
15 Many people enjoy ….. snowboarding and ….. hiking in ….. Alps and ….. Pyrenees.
16 if you have ….. good weather, ….. summer in ….. Scotland is beautiful. ….. most
people, however, prefer ….. guaranteed sunshine of ……Mediterranean.
10.- Fill in “a/an” or “the” where necessary.
Dear Debbie,
Thank you for 1) ….. the letter you sent me. I’ve just returned home after spending 2) ….. fabulous few weeks in 3) ….. Paris. I was staying with 4) ….. friend I told you about – Pascal. Do you remember 5) ….. French boy I told you I met on holiday In 6) ….. Greece? He has 7) ….. wonderful flat with 8) ….. good view of 9) ….. Eiffel Tower. Pascal borrowed his friend’s car because I wasn’t happy riding on 10) ….. back of his motorbike. It was 11) ….. amazing orange Citroen. He drove me around, showing me some 12) places of interest, like 13) ….. Louvre, 14) …..Pompidou Centre and 15) ….. Museum of Modem Art. I had 16) ….. really wonderful time there. Meeting lots of 17) ….. French and 18) ….. Italian friends Pascal has, and not being able to talk to them has made me anxious to start learning 19) ….. French language. Hopefully, I’ll be able
to afford 20) …… private tutor for 21) ….. French when I return home. Maybe I’ll be able to take 22) ….. college night course In 23) Italian at the start of term as well. I’ve invited Pascal and some
of his friends to come over for 24) ….. holiday whenever they have 25) ….. time. You really have to meet them. Please phone me when you get this letter – we can arrange to spend 26) afternoon in 27) ….. town if you llke!
Lots of love,
Claire
11.- Fill in “a/an” or “the” where necessary.
1 On … the … thirty-first of December, thousands of
people gather in ….. Times Square, New York, to celebrate ……coming of …… New Year.
2 Of all …… countries on …… continent of ……North America, Phil has only visited ….. Canada.
3 ……… universities of Oxford and Cambridge are two of ….. most famous universities in Europe.
4 If you want to work abroad, why don’t you contact …..agency I went to in …..Lamb Street?
5 …..capital city of ……Spain, …….Madrid, is to ……north of Seville.
6 ……holiday I took in …….Rome was …….best I’ve ever had.
7 ……Detective Sherlock Holmes and his assistant, ……Doctor Watson, solved ……lot of
mysteries.
8 I would love to spend ……summer cruising in ……Caribbean.
9 Mrs Hamilton holds ……flower arranging class in ……Cathedral on ……Wednesday evenings.
10 The highest mountain in ……world, ……Mount Everest, is in ……Himalayas.
11 There is ……wonderful 1920’s style restaurant-cafe in …….Glasgow which has some of
….. most charming and helpful waiters I’ve ever seen.
12 Belfast is ……capital of ……Northern Ireland and Dublin is ……capital of… ..Republic of ……Ireland.
13 ……Balearic Islands lie to …….south of Spain.
14 Julia is …….extremely patient girl – she will have no problem in her career as ……nanny.
15 Stephen has ……..seminar on ……Saturday morning, so we are not able to go to …..ski-slopes until ……Sunday.
16 On Sunday we decided to go to ……beach by ……train, but by the time we got to …..station …….weather looked so threatening that we went to ……cinema instead.
12.- Find the word which should not be in the sentence.
1 Susan, who is a terrible ballet dancer, is not very good at the tap-dancing either.
2 They drove around the Paris in a car.
3 He travelled to Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, by a car.
4 I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the President Chirac of France.
5 Our plan was to meet him at Cafe Sandal and not at the home.
6 It was nice of you to invite me to go to the Malta with you.
7 She was born in the July, 1971.
8 She has got a plenty of time to reach the station.
9 Can you walk the faster?
10 Tigers are in danger of becoming an extinct.
11 I like the active holidays more than relaxing ones.
12 lt is known that smoking does a damage to your health.
Review exercises
01.- Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense, then identify the types of conditionals.
1 If you ……don’t do….. (not/do) your homework, you won’t be allowed to go out. … (Type 1) …
2 If he (take out) ……….a loan, he’d be able to buy a car.
3 Keep the noise down or else someone (hear) ………….us.
4 The state of the economy (improve) …………….. provided that there is a change of government.
5 I won’t go on holiday unless you (come) ………………. with me.
6 If you (talk) ……………….. less, you would be able to concentrate on your work.
7 If she (read) …………………… the newspaper, she would have known about the earthquake.
8 If the food (not/be) ………….so good, we wouldn’t have eaten so much.
9 If you (stop) ………………complaining, we would be able to get some work done today.
10 Even if I (phone) …………….them, it would have been too late to change their minds.
11 Unless you (turn down) …………………the music, I won’t be able to concentrate on what I’m doing.
12 Unemployment will decrease provided the government (take) …………….appropriate measures.
13 If you continue to threaten me, I (have to) ……………….seek legal advice.
14 I (speak) …………..to her if she apologised for her appalling behaviour.
15 I wouldn’t have been able to sit the exam if you (not/help) ………….me.
16 What (he/say) …………….if you told him the truth?
17 If you watch this film, you (get) ……………an idea of how difficult life is for these tribes.
18 If you (cancel) ……………within the time limit, we would have given you a full refund.
19 If she had realised how late it was, she (not/ring) …………us.
20 We could have some fresh air if you (open) ………….. the window.
02.- Complete the text by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
Einstein is reported to have said, “If I 1) … had known… (know) the destruction I would cause, I 2) (become) …………..a watch-maker.” If we 3) (continue) …………….to use nuclear energy as a means of defence, we 4) (make) ………….. our planet uninhabitable. If the public 5) (be) ………….more aware of the dangers, they 6)(demand) ………..the right to live in a safer society. If the Cold War had developed into World War III, the human race 7) (be/wiped out) ……………forever.
Unless we 8) (discover) ………….a way to prevent nuclear war, by the 21st century we 9) (face) ………….major disaster. Some scientists claim that if we 10) (tap into) ………..the natural energy in the universe, we 11) (provide) ………ourselves with a never-ending, pollution-free source of power. Only if we 12) (put) ……………. more money into research and less into defence 13) ……………(we/be able to) discover other forms of energy. As long as we 14) (continue) ………….. to abuse knowledge and power, the earth 15) (remain) ………….an insecure planet to inhabit.
03.- Rewrite the following as conditional sentences.
1 You have to go to Athens to see the Acropolis .
… If you go to Athens, you can see the Acropolis ….
2 You need to pass your driving test before you can drive.
Unless . ………………………………………………..
3 You must study harder to pass your exams.
If ……………………………………………………….
4 As long as the rain continues we can’t play football.
Unless ………………………………………………….
5 Tom had to ask for a pay rise or he wouldn’t have got one.
Unless ………………………………………………….
6 You need all the right spices to make an authentic Indian meal.
If ……………………………………………………….
7 Going there by bus will be cheaper than going by train.
If ………………………………………………………..
8 Entering this competition could win you a mountain bike.
If …………………………………………………………
9 We will have to leave without him if he doesn’t arrive in the next 10 minutes.
Unless ……………………………………………………
10 We will be able to go swimming if the weather improves.
Unless ……………………………………………………
04.- Read the following situations, then write as many conditional sentences as possible.
1 As long as it rains, I’ll stay at home .
… If it rains, I’ll stay at home./ Only if it rains will I stay at home. /I won’t stay at home unless it rains ….
2 I’ll save money, then I’ll go to France on holiday .
3 Wait five minutes and I’ll give you a lift.
4 I’ll cook and you can do the washing up afterwards.
05.- Rewrite the following sentences omitting “if”.
1 If I were you, I wouldn’t apply for the post of firefighter.
…. Were I you, I wouldn’t apply for the post of firefighter ….
2 If you should go to the post office, could you buy me some stamps?
3 If anyone should ring, will you take a message?
4 If you had turned off the oven sooner, the pizza wouldn’t have burnt.
5 If I were younger, I’d accept his offer.
06.- Rewrite the following as mixed conditionals.
1 He’s not a good worker, so he wasn’t promoted,
….If he were a good worker, he would have been promoted….
2 They walked 40 kilometres, so they’re exhausted now,
3 You didn’t make an appointment, so we can’t see you tomorrow.
4 She didn’t take the medication and now she’s ill again.
5 The flight left on time, so they will be in Moscow by now.
6 They were working in the rain all day, so they’re soaking wet now.
7 She didn’t study at all so she’ll do badly in the test.
8 He’s so gullible that he believed everything you said.
9 She was talking all day, so her throat is sore now.
10 He doesn’t listen to anyone’s advice, so he didn’t do what you suggested.
07.- Compete the following sentences with an appropriate conditional clause.
1 If you want an exotic holiday, … you should go to Thailand… .
2 Unless you give him enough notice, ……………………
3 If you hadn’t overfed the cat, ………………………….
4 Had I known she was in trouble, ………………………..
5 Only if he apologises ……………………………………..
6 The argument wouldn’t have started if …………………
7 If I had more time, ………………………………………..
8 You wouldn’t have had so much trouble if …………….
9 Should I meet her again, ………………………………..
10 Had I known how late I was going to be, …………….
11 Only if we start recycling ………………………………
12 If you had tried harder,…………………………………
13 Had he given me clearer instructions, ………………..
14 If we leave at six o’clock, ……………………………..
15 Should she ring while I’m out, ………………………….
08.- Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 You’d better cut down on sugar.
were
If I … were you, I would … cut down on sugar.
2 Tom got lost because we didn’t give him clear directions.
have
Tom ……………………….if we had given him clear directions.
3 If you don’t criticise his work, he’ll never improve.
unless
He’ll never improve …………………………………his work.
4 She doesn’t have many friends because she is shy.
were
If she …………………………………..have many friends.
5 We’ll only sign the contract if he changes that clause.
will
Only if he changes that clause ………………………the contract.
6 He’s afraid of heights, so he won’t come climbing.
were
If he ………………………………, he would come climbing.
7 Lucy can prepare the report, but she’ll have to be given instructions.
only
Lucy can prepare the report ………………….instructions.
8 As long as you give it back by Friday, you can borrow my book.
provided
You can borrow my book ………………………by Friday.
9 If you don’t lend us some money, we won’t be able to go to the theatre.
unless
We won’t be able to go to the theatre ……………..some money.
10 She missed the meeting because her car broke down.
broken
She wouldn’t have missed the meeting if ………………..down.
11 I need to get this to her, but I haven’t got her fax number.
had
If , ………………………..I couid get this to her.
12 He forgot about the invitation so he didn’t go to the dinner.
not
Had …………….. the invitation, he would have gone to the dinner.
13 I think Bill should look for a better job.
were
If ………………………………………look for a better job.
14 We didn’t take a map so we got lost.
taken
If ……………………………, we wouldn’t have got lost.
15 Mark didn’t tell her it was a secret so she told Pam.
have
If Mark had told her it was a secret, ……………………….Pam.
09.- Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
I’ve had a long career. If I 1) … hadn’t been chosen … (not/be/chosen) to play the lead in my school play, I 2) (not/become) …………….what I am today. I was only nine and I’m sure I 3) (feel) ………. nervous if I 4) (not/have) my parents’ support. They encouraged me to take dancing classes after that. If only I 5) (not/refuse)…………..! I love dance now and if I 6) (be) ……….younger,I 7) (study) ………….ballet. Apart from that, I don’t have many regrets about my career. I wish I 8)
(perform) …………..more in the theatre, but I suppose if I 9) (have)……………, I 10) (not/have) time to do so many film roles.
10.- Write sentences as in the example:
1 You didn’t watch the news so you didn’t know there was a train strike .
… I wish I had watched the news, If I had watched the news, I would have known there was a train strike ……
2 You work long hours and you can’t spend much time with your family.
3 You wanted to travel abroad but you forgot to renew your passport.
4 You can’t drive a car so you can’t get around easily.
5 You wanted to play tennis but you broke your racquet.
6 You want to go swimming but you have lost your swimming costume .
7 You want to climb the mountain but you are afraid of heights .
8 You didn’t set your video correctly so you didn’t record the film .
9 You want to go out tonight but you haven’t got enough money.
10 You want to cook an Italian meal but you have no pasta left.
11.- Rewrite the text using wishes or if-clauses as in the example:
Dear Mary,
I just had to write and let you know what a terrible day I’ve had today. As my neighbour is ill I offered to take her dog for a walk. My neighbour did warn me that he’s very energetic but I didn’t listen. He dragged me all around the park. What a disaster! He was so excited that he knocked another neighbour off her bicycle. Unfortunately she hurt her leg and she was very angry with me. I shouldn’t have taken the dog for a walk. To make matters worse, I had forgotten to lock the front door as we’d left the house in a rush. My house was burgled. Why was I so stupid? I hadn’t even renewed our house insurance. My husband keeps going on about it.
Well, hopefully tomorrow will be better.
With love,
Lisa
… I wish I hadn’t had such a terrible day today, …
12.- Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 It’s a pity I can’t go to the cinema today, but I have to babysit.
could
I wish … I could go to the … cinema today, but I have to babysit.
2 It’s a shame we didn’t go out for dinner.
gone
I wish ……………………………………………for dinner.
3 I don’t have many friends here.
had
I wish ………………………………………here.
4 It’s a pity I can’t go out tonight but I have to work late.
could
I wish ……………………………..but I have to work late.
5 It’s a shame we didn’t go home for Christmas.
gone
I wish ……………………………….for Christmas.
6 If it weren’t raining, we could go for a walk.
stop
I wish ……………………….; we could go for a walk.
7 It’s a pity that I wasn’t given the position.
been
I wish ……………………………….the position.
8 I’ve been offered a job in Spain, but I can’t speak Spanish.
speak
I wish ………………….because I’ve been offered a job in Spain.
9 If it weren’t snowing, we could go for a drive.
stop
I wish ……………………………..; we could go for a drive.
10 It’s a shame we missed the beginning of the film.
missed
I wish ……………………………….beginning of the film.
13.- Complete the following sentences.
1 If Bob hadn’t broken his leg,… he could have come with us… .
2 If only he hadn’t lied to Sally, ………………….. ……..
3 If John is in trouble, .. ……………………………………
4 If only she had more patience, ……………………………………………………..
5 If she had won the competition, ………………………..
6 Ann wishes she had set the alarm, ……………………..
7 I wish I hadn’t left the oven on too long, ……………..
8 If only I had written down her phone number, ……….
9 If she hadn’t been sitting in the sun all afternoon, ……
10 Tom wishes he hadn’t gambled last Sunday, ………….
14.- Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
1 Suppose they ……had not turned up … (not/turn up) to meet you, what would you have done?
2 If only I (not/eat) ……………………so much last night.
3 If she (tell) ……………..me it was a secret, I wouldn’t have told anyone.
4 Suppose you (miss) ………………….your connection, how would you have got home?
5 Suppose he (catch) ………………..you smoking, what would you do?
6 I’d rather we (leave) ……………………..now.
7 If only I (not/stay) ……………………out so late last night.
8 It’s high time you (take) …………………some responsibility for your actions.
9 Supposing you (fail) ………………..your exams, what would you have done?
10 It’s time you (light) …………………….the fire – it’s getting very cold.
11 She spends money as if she (have) …………………………….loads of it, but I know she’s in debt.
12 If we (install) ……………………..a burglar alarm, this wouldn’t have happened.
13 I’d rather we (go) ……………………..home now.
14 I wish she (study) …………………………harder instead of watching TV all the time.
15 I’d rather she (not/wear) …………………..my dress last night. She’s ruined it.
15.- Read the following situations, then make sentences using ‘would rather’ or ‘had better’.
1 You want to play tennis not squash ….
…….I would rather play tennis than play squash ….
2 You don’t want her to invite him to the party .
3 You want to be left alone to read and don’t want to go to the cinema .
4 It would be more sensible for you to go and rest for an hour.
5 I would prefer to spend Christmas in Spain and not go home .
6 We should have waited for him at home .
7 Mary always wears horrible orange lipstick. You wish she wouldn’t.
8 Your friend turns up late and you are angry with him
16.- Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1 I’d rather … go…… (go) fishing this afternoon.
2 I’d rather you (not/wear) …………….my red dress to the dance tonight.
3 I’d rather you (say) ……………….that you didn’t want to come!
4 I’d rather (go) …………….by plane but I couldn’t afford the air fare.
5 I’d rather you (not/use) …………such bad language! It upsets people.
6 We prefer (watch) …………films to (watch) ……………political programmes.
7 I’d rather you (not/tell) …………….them the news yet.
8 I prefer (cook) ……………………dinner rather than (eat) …….. in that restaurant.
9 We’d prefer (call) ………..our child David, rather than (call) ……….him Stephen.
10 We would rather (recycle) ………..our rubbish than (use) …………non-recyclable goods.
11 He had better (not/tell) …………her or I’ll be furious!
12 After a lot of thought, we’ve decided that we would prefer (get/married) ……………..in Portugal rather than in England.
13 It would have been better if she (give) ………………us the information sooner.
14 You’d better (not/wake) ……………………her up because she hasn’t slept for two days.
15 I would prefer (pay) ………………in cash rather than by credit card .
17.- Fill in the gaps with the appropriate auxiliary verb .
1 She had her hair permed and now she wishes she … hadn’t …
2 Her husband spends a lot of money and she wishes he ………
3 I suspect they’ll be late again but I wish they …………..
4 She always forgets people’s names but she wishes she ……….
5 He invited 20 people for dinner and now he wishes he ……….
6 She doesn’t know how to use a computer but she wishes she ……
7 They never ring before coming round but I wish they …………
8 You’re always interfering in my affairs and I wish you …………
9 We didn’t invite the Smiths but I wish we ……………..
10 You told them I could do the job but I wish you ………..
18.- Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
Dear Sarah,
I’m having an absolutely fabulous time here on Ischia! I wish you
1) ….had decided…. (decide) to come wlth me. It 2) …………. (be) even better if you were here. I wish I 3) …………….. (try) harder to persuade you to come with me. If only you 4) …………(change) your mind! I’m sure you could get time off work if you 5) ……….(ask). If you can’t come to Ischia, 6) ………………(you/consider) meeting in Rome at the beginning of next month? Of course if you 7) …………… (come) with me in the first place, we 8) …………..(have) a great time right now. Anyway, if you 9) ………(give) me a rlng, I 10) ……………. (tell) you exactly what my plans are and then you can decide what you want to do.
Love,
Julia
19.- Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 Jo was about to get on the train when she realised it was the wrong one.
if
Jo would have got on the train if she … hadn’t realised it was … the wrong one.
2 He didn’t go to the party because he didn’t know where it was.
known
If ……………………….the party was, he would have gone.
3 I think you should have your hair cut.
were
If ………………………………have my hair cut.
4 You’d think she was a film star.
though
She behaves ……………………………….a film star.
5 It would have been better if you had arrived on time.
only
If ………………………………………………….on time.
6 He shouldn’t have used my mug.
used
I’d …………………………………my mug.
7 We should leave now if we want to get the bus.
time
It’s ……………………………if we want to get the bus.
8 It would have been better if you hadn’t told her that.
only
If ……………………………………………….her that.
9 It’s a pity you missed the performance.
had
I ………………………………………the performance.
10 If John doesn’t turn up, we won’t be able to finish the project.
should
We won’t be able to finish the project ……………………..up.
20.- Find the word which should not be in the sentence.
1 If you shall pay attention, maybe you’ll learn something.
2 If Tom is busy, will ask Sarah to help.
3 If only she had been caught that train.
4 It’s time we had announced the winner.
S He’d better to payoff his debts before he buys a car.
6 I’d rather to write a project than sit an exam.
7 If only that I hadn’t lost my traveller’s cheques.
8 Suppose he had caught you stealing, what would you do?
9 Had if he known it was her birthday, he would have bought her a present.
10 Take my business card in case you will want to contact me.
Review exercises
01.- Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive form.
1 Holland …is said…. (say) to be one of the prettiest countries in Europe.
2 I hate (tell) ……. lies.
3 My television (deliver) ……. tomorrow.
4 Their telephone …….. (install) yesterday.
5 Teachers ought (pay) …….. a higher salary.
6 Hotel rooms must (vacate) ……. by 12 noon.
7 The villa (sell) ……. by public auction next week.
S She hopes her home (build) ……. by May.
9 Heartbreak House (write) ……. by George Bernard Shaw.
10 My car (respray)……. at the moment.
11 Hopefully, she (promote) …….. by the end of next month.
12 I wish I (teach) ……. how to type when I was at school.
13 Your application should (hand in) ……. last Monday. It’s too late now I’m afraid!
14 The wedding reception must (book) ……. a month before the wedding.
15 The building (evacuate) ……. ten minutes before the explosion took place.
02.- Change the sentences from the active into the passive. Omit the agent where it can be omitted.
1 Santa Claus will leave your presents in the stocking
…. Your presents will be left in the stocking by Santa Claus …
2 Bad organisation spoiled their holiday .
3 Teachers mark hundreds of exam papers every year .
4 Who wrote Romeo and Juliet?
5 You should dry your hair before you go out.
6 You mustn’t tell him the truth .
7 She likes people taking her to the theatre .
8 Why didn’t they give her the job?
9 She told them not to tell anyone
10 They should have given us a bonus
11 The doctors will bring him in for an examination
12 Fog has delayed all flights
13 She didn’t send me any parcels
14 She had cleaned the house before I got there
15 When we arrived at the hotel. they had filled all the rooms
16 Why haven’t you invited Mary to the party?
17 Paula will help you finish your project.
18 The mayor is opening the new community centre next week
19 We heard her complaining strongly to the manager
20 You can leave your bags at the left-luggage office
21 Workmen found some antique vases in the old house
22 The architects have drawn up plans for the new library
23 Who gave him the new car?
24 They are going to set the lion free next week
25 What time do you expect him to arrive?
03.- Change the sentences from the passive into the active.
1 Who was the Mona Lisa painted by?
.. Who painted the Mona Lisa? ..
2 The old barn has been pulled down
3 The results will be published in July
4 The trip was ruined by bad weather
5 The letter should have been posted last week
6 Who was the money raised by?
7 Why hasn’t the house been painted yet?
8 She was heard shouting
9 How much were you paid?
10 His car has been stolen
11 I can’t bear being cheated
12 A famous actress will be chosen to advertise the product
13 John was made to do the washing up
14 The ozone layer is gradually being destroyed by pollution
15 A bring-and-buy sale is being held next month
16 Our house was done up by a famous interior decorator
17 The cracks in the wall were caused by the earthquake
18 Thousands of rare birds are killed by hunters every year
19 Her purse was stolen on the bus
20 When will we be told the time of his arrival?
21 An ancient village has been uncovered by archaeologists
22 Why hasn’t the dishwasher been repaired yet?
23 A new drug is being developed by scientists
24 A new breed of cow is to be introduced into the country by farmers
25 The furniture will have been removed by noon
26 Who were you going to be replaced by?
27 The island is being ruined by tourists
28 Two rooms had been booked for her by her travel agent
29 She was seen to leave the building
30 Seats should have been reserved a week ago
04.- Fill in “by” or “with”.
1 The Magus was written … by….. John Fowles.
2 Who was the radio invented ………..?
3 The cyclist was knocked down …………….a bus
4 Soup is eaten …………a spoon.
5 The car was fixed ………..a mechanic.
6 The glass was cut ……..a special tool.
7 Her hair is coloured ………..henna.
S “Born in the USA” was sung ……….Springsteen.
9 The roast was flavoured ………… wine.
10 Music will be played ……… the local band.
05.- Change into the passive.
A
Police are investigating a series of break-ins in the Hattersby area. Residents have heard noises, but nobody has actually seen anything suspicious. The recent rise in crime in the neighbourhood has shocked residents. Locals are discussing matters of security with the police and they have requested greater police presence in the area .
… A series of break-ins …
B
A wealthy businessman has just bought the Black Swan Hotel. The Barrett family owned it for many years, and they should have restored the building many years ago, but they couldn’t find enough money. The new owner is closing the hotel for a few months for redecoration. At the moment workmen are polishing the floors and redecorating all the rooms.
06.- Turn the following sentences into the passive as in the example:
1 They think he is lying.
He … is thought to be lying ….
It … is………. thought that he is lying ….
2 They believe he got lost in the forest.
He ………………………………….
It …………………………………..
3 They say she has been very ill.
She ………………………….
It ……………………………..
4 They said the president had been shot.
The president …………………………..
It …………………………………………
5 They believe she was taking drugs.
She . …………………………………….
It …………………………………………
6 They expect he will pass his driving test.
He ………………………………………
It ……………………………………….
7 They said she was wrongly accused.
She ………………………………………
It ………………………………………..
8 They believe he is leaving soon.
He ………………………………………..
It …………………………………………
9 They say his health is very poor.
His health ……………………………….
It …………………………………………
10 They report that some papers have been stolen.
Some papers ……………………………
It …………………………………………
07.- Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 Many people believe that eating too fast causes indigestion.
believed
It … is believed that eating … too fast causes indigestion.
2 The teacher will send you out if you keep on talking.
be
You ………………………………if you keep on talking.
3 They are going to transfer him to Portugal.
be
He ……………………………………….. to Portugal.
4 They will have completed the construction by September.
been
The ……………………………………..by September.
5 They are holding the caretaker responsible for the problems.
is
The ………………………………for the problems.
6 A journalist is going to cover the story.
be
The story …………………………. by a journalist.
7 They will have appointed a new director by the end of the week.
been
A new ………………………….by the end of the week.
8 They gave him a gold watch when he retired.
was
He ………………………………..when he retired.
9 The mother told her son off for shouting.
was
He ……………………………..by his mother for shouting.
10 They are opening the new restaurant this evening.
is
The new restaurant ………………………. this evening.
08.- Rewrite the following text in the passive.
Mr Owen Gibbon has discovered a valuable oil painting in the attic of his house in Rochester. George Stubbs, the famous animal artist, painted the work in 1760. Mr Gibbon’s great-grandfather bought the picture in the 1890’s, but after his death the family stored it away in the attic. Art historians are examining the painting, and have valued it at £500,000. Mr Gibbon has offered the work to the National Gallery, where experts will restore the picture to its former beauty. They will have finished the restoration work by June.
09.- Rewrite the following texts in the passive.
A
The Winter Production Company has finally released the film which the public has been waiting for for so long: The Hawk. The Winter Company was originally going to release the film in August but they decided to wait until October, as they know that fewer people go to the cinema in the summer. Richard Able directed The Hawk and critics are encouraging people to see it. Cinemas report that British audiences have bought a lot of tickets and that they are sure The Hawk will be a success.
B
Over the past ten years oil spills have polluted the seas surrounding Britain. The tankers spill oil onto the coast and this harms many forms of wildlife. Environmentalists say that they need a lot of volunteers if they are to minimise the damage. In future, the government has promised that it will prosecute the owners of any tankers that pollute the North Sea in this way. The government also hopes that they can prevent such incidents by building more lighthouses along the coastline.
10.- Write the sentences in the causative as in the example:
1 Their wedding reception was organised by caterers .
.. .They had their wedding reception organised by caterers ….
2 I’ll ask her to make the appointment for Friday .
3 He was mending the table for Sophie .
4 He took his boots to be re-heeled .
5 Has your leg been X-rayed? .
6 I will tell James to cancel the meeting tomorrow .
7 Don’t ask them to post the letters .
8 I’ll get the men to move this for you by this evening .
9 The mechanic is repairing her car .
10 They renovated the Smiths’ house last year .
11 They are going to clean our swimming pool.
12 Where do they take their photographs to be developed?
13 He doesn’t mind the barber cutting his hair short
14 You should ask someone to water your plants while you’re on holiday .
15 Will she get someone to deliver the computer?
16 She prefers sending her clothes to the dry-cleaner’s .
17 My father likes people taking his photograph .
18 Our cooker was being repaired when the lights went off .
19 Would you like someone to do the shopping for you?
20 The beautician polished the model’s nails .
11.- Write sentences in the causative as in the example:
1 The doctor examined Paul’s ankle. What did Paul do?
……He had his ankle examined ….
2 Someone delivers her groceries once a week. What does she do?
3 A hairdresser has cut and styled Pamela’s hair. What has she done?
4 Someone will repair our leaking roof. What will we do?
5 Someone cut the lawn for them while they were away. What did they do?
6 Somebody had serviced their car before they went on holiday. What had they done?
7 A builder will do up Jan’s attic. What will Jan do?
8 Someone is designing some furniture for him. What is he doing?
9 A detective investigated the case for her. What did she do?
10 Someone has written the actor’s life story for him. What has he done?
11 Someone is organising a birthday party for her. What is she doing?
12 The secretary had prepared the minutes for him before the meeting. What had he done?
13 He was building their swimming pool. What were they doing?
14 He had someone paint his daughter’s portrait. What did he do?
12.- Rephrase the following using have, get or make as in the example:
1 She insisted that they go to the meeting
…. She made them go to the meeting ………..
2 We are going to ask the plumber to install a new shower .
3 We persuaded Paul to lend us some money .
4 The teacher asked Sam to open the window .
5 The dentist insisted that George sit still.
6 Mrs Jones will ask the attendant to fetch her car.
7 The doctor persuaded her to go to hospital.
8 My brother insisted that I give him back his book .
9 She persuaded her friend to help her with the cleaning .
10 We’ll ask the receptionist to give him his key .
11 He insisted on them keeping quiet.
12 My father persuaded me to help him wash his car.
13 Mr Smith insisted that Jane stay late at work .
14 I’ll ask Pam to turn down the radio .
15 Sue persuaded the caretaker to fix the door
13.- Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words .
1 The hairdresser will have to cut your hair.
have
You’ll … have to have your hair … cut.
2 A large dog has attacked my cat.
been
My cat …………………………..a large dog.
3 Her mother insisted that she buy a new dress for the party.
her
Her mother ………………………….a new dress for the party.
4 Someone will steal your purse if you don’t look after it.
be
Your purse ……………… if you don’t look after it.
5 Jane insisted that I have some more cake.
made
Jane …………………………..some more cake.
6 They are resurfacing our drive tomorrow.
resurfaced
We ……………………………………….tomorrow.
7 Our furnace will need servicing soon.
have
We will need …………………………………soon.
8 Someone cleans my house every week.
have
I ………………………………………….every week.
9 How did he persuade you to do it?
get
How ………………………………… do it?
10 She got a friend to make her an evening dress.
made
She …………………………………..by a friend.
11 Their house had been burgled when I last saw them.
had
They ……………………………..when I last saw them.
12 I asked my parents to pay for my flight home.
had
I ……………………………. for my flight home.
13 Hooligans attacked Barney outside the stadium.
got
Barney …………………………outside the stadium.
14 She doesn’t like ironing so the cleaner does it for her.
done
She doesn’t like ironing so …………………..by the cleaner.
15 He arranged for a friend to bring his books over from England.
had
He ………………………………………from England.
14.- Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 Lucy persuaded Andrew to take her out to dinner.
got
Lucy … got Andrew to take her … out to dinner.
2 Our heater needs repairing.
have
We’ll ……………………………………….repaired
3 A beautician does her nails every week.
done
She ………………………………….. by a beautician every week.
4 The dentist is extracting her tooth now.
extracted
She …………………………………………….now.
5 I’ll ask Mark to fetch my laundry.
have
I ………………………………………….my laundry.
6 His car was badly damaged in an accident.
had
He . …………………………..in an accident.
7 The shopkeepers were forced to work on Christmas Eve.
made
The shopkeepers ……………………………on Christmas Eve.
8 He got someone at the office to send the fax.
sent
He ……………………………………… by someone at the office.
9 She insisted that we come home early.
made
We ………………………………………………early.
10 Someone had dented her car when she came out of the shop.
had
She …………………………….when she came out of the shop.
11 They can get someone to groom the dog next week.
have
They can ……………………………….next week.
12 He used to pay someone to do his accounts once a month.
done
He used ……………………………….once a month.
13 Why did he insist that I buy this dress?
make
Why ……………………………this dress?
14 Did he ask the nurse to dress the wound?
get
Did he ………………………………..the wound?
15 The boxer broke his arm in a fight.
broken
The boxer …………………………… in a fight.
16 I must have someone look at this painting – it might be valuable.
looked
I must ……………………………it might be valuable.
17 The contract will have been drawn up for you by the time you get back.
had
We will ………………………up for you by the time you get back.
18 The police ordered him to tell them what had happened.
made
The police ………………………what had happened.
19 Margery dealt with the new client for him.
got
He ………………… the new client for him.
15.- Find the word which should not be in the sentence.
1 She has been had her house repainted.
2 Did he make you to stay at home?
3 He was been knighted for his service to the country.
4 Liz has had her hair be done.
5 The bankrobbers were been arrested at the airport yesterday.
6 The pictures they were donated to the gallery by the Queen.
7 She did got him to cook dinner for her.
8 He was been stopped at customs.
9 Charlotte had Bill to mend her TV.
10 The symphony was being written by Sibelius.
11 Could you have someone to repair the fax machine?
12 He paid a lot to have had the engine rebuilt.
13 They have their taxes be done by an accountant.
14 The goods will have be shipped to you tomorrow.
15 He likes to having his autograph asked for.
16 Those faxes have to be had sent today.
17 They have had central heating installed last Monday.
18 Jo was been given a beautiful necklace for Christmas.
19 All the windows were being broken in last night’s explosion.
20 She had her nose be broken while playing cricket.
Review exercises
01.- Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech.
1 “They will have arrived in Bali by now,” he said .(out-of-date reporting)
… He said they would have arrived in Bali by then ….
2 “I’ve always hated the music they play at this disco,” he said: [out-of-date reporting) .
3 “He’ll repair the car next Friday,” she said. (up-to- date reporting) .
4 “I’ll be travelling home this time next week,” she said.
(out-of-date reporting) .
5 “He left last Monday,” she says .
6 “I haven’t decided what type of car I’ll buy,” he said. (up-to-date reporting) .
7 “It’s time we went out,” she said.
8 “The earth is round,” he said
9 “When they were fishing they caught a trout,” he said .
10 “Your reports are all typed up,” the secretary said. (up-to-date reporting) .
11 “Dinosaurs are extinct,” the teacher said .
12 “Paris is a small city,” said Lucy
13 “I’ve been sunbathing all afternoon,” he said. (out-ot-date reporting) .
14 “She looks very pretty today,” said Paul.
15 “If I were you, I’d enter the competition,” he said.
16 “If they had played well, they’d have won,” the coach said
17 “She doesn’t seem to be enjoying herself,” he said. (up-to-date reporting) .
18 “Water freezes at o-c.: the professor said
19 “She ought to see a doctor,”he said
20 “Mum is making a cake now,” said Tom. [out-of-date reporting) .
21 “We went to Australia two years ago,” she said. (out-of-date reporting)
22 “He can’t possibly be serious,” Tim said. (up-to-date reporting)
23 “We were watching television when we heard the news,” her father said .
24 “I am meeting Terry tomorrow,” she said. (up-to-date reporting)
25 “Next time you’ll have to do better than that,” my boss said. (out-of-date reporting)
02.- Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech.
1 “Will you take the dog out for a walk?” he asked me
…He asked me if/whether I wouid take the dog out for a walk… .
2 “How much money have you got?” he asked me .
3 “Did you really write this poem?” she asked Tim .
4 “How did the operation go?” they asked the doctor .
5 “Will you be going on holiday next Easter?” he asked her .
6 “Is that your daughter walking along the pier, Mary?” Joan asked.
7 “Why is he acting this way?” she asked me .
8 “Can you let Joan know I’ll be late?” she asked me.
9 “Which of these dresses suits me best?” she asked Lynn .
10 “Does this bicycle belong to anyone?” he asked , .
11 “Who used my toothbrush?” he asked .
12 “Do you want to join us at 6.00?” he asked me .
13 “Why didn’t you tell me about the party?” he asked me .
14 “Have you been to York before?” she asked Sue .
03.- Turn the following sentences into Indirect questions. Omit question marks where necessary.
1 Where are you going? (I want to know … )
…I want to know where you are going ….
2 Did he steal the money? (I doubted ) .
3 Has she told anyone about our engagement? (He wondered ) .
4 What time does the train leave? (Could you tell me ) .
5 Who did it? ( She wondered ) . .
6 Where have you been? (He wanted to know ) .
7 Does he speak French fluently? (I wonder ) .
8 Will she be on time? (I doubt ) . .
9 How long has he been working here? (Do you know ) .
10 Are they moving house? (I want to know ) .
04.- Turn the following sentences from Direct to Reported Speech.
1 “Put out your cigarettes please!” he said to us
…He asked us to put out our cigarettes ……
2 “Wipe your feet on the mat!” mother said .
3 “Please forgive me!” she said. . .
4 “Could you babysit for me tonight?” he said to me
5 “You shouldn’t eat so much meat,” she said to me .
6 “Be here on time in future,” Tom’s boss said .
7 “Could you pass me the salt?” Barry said to her. .
8 “Let’s buy some new curtains!” Sally said .
9 “You’d better go to bed early,” Henry said .
10 “Don’t be horrible to your little sister!” his father said .
05.- Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech.
1 She said, “You needn’t pay until Christmas.”
…She said (that) I wouidn’t have to pay untii Christmas ….
2 She said, “When shall we let them know?” .
3 She said, “Shall I carry your suitcase?” .
4 She said, “I can’t play chess very well.” .. .
5 She said, “We must finish the work today.” .
6 She said, “You needn’t wear formal clothes.” .
7 She said, “You should take more exercise.” .
8 She said, “Shall I get you an aspirin?” .
9 She said, “Tony must have missed his bus.” .
10 She said, “We’ll go to the zoo tomorrow.” .
11 She said, “I may take up skiing.” .
12 She said, “What shall I buy him for his birthday?” .
13 She said, “They won’t arrive on time.” .
14 She said, “They needn’t be at the meeting next week.”
06.- First write an appropriate introductory verb, then report the following sentences.
1 “I’ll be home early.”
…He promised to be home early…
2 “Press the button first.”
3 “I didn’t copy John’s work.”
4 “He never tells the truth.”
5 “I’m so good at maths.”
6 “She’s so beautiful!”
7 “Peter is unable to attend the meeting tomorrow.”
8 “No, I won’t tell you what happened.”
9 “I think you should go home.”
10 “That’s how you fix it.”
11 “You really ought to go home.”
12 “This is how I began my career.”
13 “Yes, I told them everything.”
14 “I’m sorry I shouted.”
15 “You lied to me.”
16 “I’d like you to carry the bag.”
17 “Don’t forget to ask Janet.”
18 “Don’t touch this wire.”
19 “You may go now.”
20 “Come on, try it again!”
21 “She really must attend more frequently.”
22 “Would you like to go to the theatre?”
23 “You mustn’t talk during the exam.”
24 “Go ahead, enter the race!”
25 “Run immediately!”
26 “Please, please tell me the truth!”
27 “James never told me he was working undercover.”
28 “You can take my car.”
29 “I won’t do it again.”
30 “Give me the money or I’ll shoot you.”
31 “Would you like me to help?”
32 “Give me everything.”
33 “I’m sorry I was late.”
34 “Yes, he is very handsome.”
35 “I know that musician well.”
36 “Please, explain once more.”
37 “You are never on time.”
07.- Turn the following conversations into Reported Speech using special introductory verbs.
A
“Carter, when are you taking your holidays this year?” said the manager.
“Actually, I’ve already been on holiday, sir. Don’t you remember? I went on safari in Kenya,” said Carter.
“Oh yes, of course. You went in March, didn’t you?” “That’s correct, sir,” said Carter.
“Did you enjoy it?” the manager asked.
“Well, I didn’t manage to see many animals. It was very disappointing,” Carter replied.
“Have you got any plans to go back there?” the manager said.
“Well, yes, actually I’ve already booked tickets for next year. I’m going in February. I think it will be a better time for seeing the animals,” said Carter.
“So, we’ll be looking for a new accountant then, if you come face to face with a lion,” said the manager .
… The manager asked Carter when he was taking his holidays that year . …
B
“Let’s spend the weekend in Scotland,” said Andrea. “We can find a cheap bed and breakfast in the Highlands.”
“And just what are we going to do all weekend with nothing but sheep for company!” Cathy said.
“I’ll teach you to ski,” said Andrea .
… Andrea suggested spending ” . …
C
“James, have you written to the University of Madrid yet?” Mr Mills said.
“No, I’m sorry,” said James. “I haven’t had time.”
“There’s no point in apologising to me, James,” said Mr Mills. “You see, you must apply early because they fill their places very quickly.”
“The thing is that I’m afraid I won’t pass my Spanish exam,” said James.
“Well, have you been working hard?” said Mr Mills.
“Yes, I have,” said James, “but I’m much better at French, and I had hoped to apply to Paris.”
“Yes, it’s true you are better at French,” said Mr Mills. “If I put your name down for the Sorbonne, will you write tonight?”
“Yes sir, I’ll write as soon as I get home,” James promised .
… Mr Mills asked James if he… .
08.- Rewrite the following as a conversation. Mind the punctuation.
A
Stephen denied having got them lost and refused to take responsibility for their situation, Catherine accused him of not knowing how to read a map, and threatened to leave him if he didn’t get them out of the mess, Stephen complained that she always made him do all the work, Catherine apologised for not helping but begged him to do something, adding that she didn’t want to spend the night in the open, Stephen promised that they would find somewhere to stay, and urged her to keep calm, He eventually asked her to help him with the map reading. She laughed and suggested that perhaps he should try holding the map the right way up.
…”It’s not my fault we got lost”, Stephen said…
B
The diver boasted about having found a shipwreck full of treasure on the ocean floor. His friend accused him of lying as that part of the sea had been explored thoroughly, yet the diver still insisted, claiming that only he had searched that particular area. Then his friend went on to tell him that if that was the case, he should notify the authorities as soon as possible in order to lay claim to the treasure. She warned him that if he failed to do this someone else might claim the treasure for themselves. It was at this stage that the diver admitted that the wreck wasn’t that old and that the treasure consisted of Monopoly money!
…”I have found…
09.- Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets.
1 “I would eat only the fish,” he said. (suggest)
…He suggested that I (should) eat only the fish …..
2 “Let’s go to the beach,” he said. (propose) .
3 “Why not paint the room blue?” said Dad. (recommend) .
4 “Please bring me a cup of tea,” she said. (request) .
5 “You must do your homework,” said Mr Smith. (insist) .
10.- Turn the following dialogue into Reported Speech.
Joan: Mmm, I’m reaily going to enjoy this sandwich. I’m so hungry. I haven’t eaten anything since breakfast. Are you sure you don’t want anything?
Geoffrey: Yes. I’ve eaten too much already today. I can’t eat
another thing.
Joan: Why not just have a glass of milk then?
Geoffrey: Good idea.
Joan: I really enjoyed the visit to the aquarium this morning. What shail we do this afternoon?
Geoffrey: Let’s go to the folk museum. It looks very interesting.
Joan: Yes, but don’t forget we have to be back at the hotel by six.
Geoffrey: We definitely have enough time, don’t worry.
Joan: Oh nol I can’t find my purse. I must have dropped it in the car park.
Geoffrey: I’ll go back and look for it if you like .
… Joan said that she was going to enjoy her sandwich because …
11.- Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech using special introductory verbs.
1 “Don’t go near the bull.”
…She warned me not to go near the bull… .
2 “What a brilliant idea!”
3 ”I’ll definitely take you to the park tomorrow.”
4 “Let’s have the wedding in the spring.”
5 “Please, please don’t tell my father what happened.”
6 “You are always late.”
7 “I’m sorry I wasn’t there when you needed me.”
8 “You switched the reports, didn’t you?”
9 “No, I won’t lend you the money.”
10 “You can’t go to the party tonight.”
11 “Shall I hang out the washing?”
12 “Don’t forget to send Mum a birthday card.”
13 “This is how you switch on the machine.”
14 “I’m the best tennis player in the club.”
15 “Go ahead, propose to her.”
12.- Turn the following text into Direct Speech.
Daniel asked the bank manager for a loan. The bank manager asked him exactly what he wanted the money for. Daniel explained that he wanted to set up his own cleaning business. The bank manager agreed that it was a good idea but urged him to be very careful before investing a lot of money. Daniel admitted that he’d never had his own business before. The bank manager apologised for being unable to promise Daniel a loan immediately. He suggested that Daniel write a business plan and come back in a week. Daniel agreed to return the following Thursday .
… “I was wondering jf it was possible for me to apply for a loan,” Daniel said to the bank manager …
13.- Rewrite the following sentences in Reported Speech.
1 “I’m learning French,” he said. “I’m going to Paris for my holidays.”
… He said he was learning French, adding that he was going to Paris for his holidays ….
. 2 “Can you fake the dog for a walk?” he said to her. “I’m busy.” .
3 “You shouldn’t smoke,” she said. “It’s bad for your health.” .
4 “Can I borrow your pen, please?” he said to her. “I need to write something.” .
5 “Please don’t talk,” said the teacher. “This is a test.” .
6 “Why don’t you turn off the TV?” she said to him. “You aren’t watching it.” .
7 “Come to our house tonight, Mary,” he said. “Jim wants to see you.” .
8 “Have you read your newspaper?” he asked her. “I want to look at it.” .
9 “The baby should be asleep,” she said. “It’s ten o’clock.” .
10 “I don’t want any more cake,” she said. “I’ve had enough.” . .
11 “Don’t play near the road,” their mother said. “It’s too dangerous.” .
12 “I like Susan,” he said. “She’s very friendly.” .
13 “I’m teaching Jane’s class,” she said. “She’s on holiday this week.” .
14 “Sarah would like to have the house,” he said. “She’s lived here a long time.” .
15 “You could become famous, June,” he said. “You’re a very good singer.” .
16 “Are you going to take the job?” he asked her. “Or will you wait for a better one?” .
17 “Can you phone Julie?” she asked me. “I heard she has had a fight with Mark.” .
18 “Do you know when May will be back?” she asked. “She’s been away all week.” .
19 “Do you think we should try this new restaurant tonight?” he asked his wife. “I’ve heard it’s very good.” .
20 “If anyone phones,” she said, “tell them I won’t be here until tomorrow.” .
21 “I’d love to go to Venice,” she said. “I’ve never been there.” .
22 “Don’t ask Simon how to use the computer,” she said. “He doesn’t know a thing about them.” .
23 “I must go now,” said Samantha, “or I might miss the bus.” .
24 “I’m sorry I didn’t phone you yesterday,” said Charlotte. “I had to visit my aunt.” .
14.- Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 “You should go to the dentist Tina,” he said.
advised
He … advised Tina to go … to the dentist.
2 “Try to remember your books tomorrow,” she said.
urged She ………….. our books the next day.
3 “You took my pencil!” Mark said to Mandy.
of
Mark …………………………………………….his pencil.
4 “Don’t forget to take your keys,” said Dad.
me
Dad ………………………………………….my keys.
5 “I hate the English weather,” said Celine.
about
Celine ……………………………….the English weather.
6 “You must have another piece of apple pie, Laura,” said Grandad.
on
Grandad ………………………………….piece of apple pie.
7 “I’ll never let you down,” Ian told Elizabeth.
promised
Ian …………………………………………. Elizabeth down.
8 “You never put the cap on the toothpaste, John,” said Mary.
complained
Mary ……………………………the cap on the toothpaste.
9 “I’m the best-looking boy in the class,” said Greg.
that
Greg ……………………………the best-looking boy in the class.
10 “Would you like to come to lunch next Friday?” Bill said to me.
invited
Bill ………………………………..the tollowing Friday.
11 “I did not eat the biscuits,” said Alex.
eating
Alex …………………………………………the biscuits.
12 “Let’s go out for dinner,” said Amanda.
going
Amanda ………………………………………for dinner.
13 “You must not touch these ornaments,” said Lisa to us.
to
Lisa ……………………………………………the ornaments.
14 “He knows where the stolen paintings are,” said Sue.
claimed
Sue ………………………………..the stolen paintings were.
15 “You may now kiss the bride,” said the priest to David.
permission
The priest …………………………………the bride.
16 “Don’t drive the car; the brakes aren’t working,” Dad said to me.
not
Dad …………………the car because the brakes weren’t working.
17 “It’s a boy!” said the midwife.
exclaimed
The midwife …………………………………. a boy.
18 “Please, please don’t hurt me,” she cried.
not
She ………………………………………… her.
19 “Do give me the money!” she said to me.
urged
She ……………………………………the money.
20 “Yes, I think you are right to complain,” said Lorna to me.
agreed
Lorna ………………………………….to complain.
21 “Please leave me alone,” Clare said to them.
asked
Clare …………………………………………alone.
22 “I’m sorry I hurt your feelings, Jane,” I said.
hurting
I ……………………………… her feelings.
23 “OK, it was me. I tore Mum’s new dress,” she said.
having
She ………………………………….. Mum’s new dress.
24 “Call an ambulance immediately!” said Bob to the passer-by.
to
Bob …………………………an ambulance immediately.
25 “Would you like me to do the washing up?” said Dan.
offered
Dan …………………………………..the washing up.
26 “No, I won’t go to the party with you,” said Lena.
refused
Lena ………………………….the party with me.
27 “You can use my credit card,” Jake said to me.
me
Jake …………………………………his credit card.
28 “Go ahead, join the expedition,” he said to her.
encouraged
He …………………………………….the expedition.
29 “Go away or I’ll lose my temper,” he said to me.
his
He …………………………………if I didn’t go away.
30 “Yes, I’ll paint the bathroom,” said Catherine.
agreed
Catherine ……………………………………the bathroom.
15.- Find the word which should not be in the sentence.
1 He claimed that to have met the Queen of Spain.
2 Sophia wanted to know what time did they returned home the previous night.
3 The players complained of to the coach about having to play in the hail.
4 Margaret promised to will be careful with the money given to her.
5 The boy asked to his mother if he could play with his friends.
6 He said about that he was feeling under the weather.
7 She said she was ready to go, but adding that the taxi was waiting.
8 The manager told us do not to misuse office equipment.
9 Did he tell to you what happened?
10 She demanded that to be given his name and address.
11 They suggested to buying her a nice wedding present.
12 It is important that he to attend the conference.
13 He told me that I would not have had to leave early the next day.
14 She apologised for having keeping us waiting.
15 Jack wondered whether that to go ahead with his plan.
16 He asked me if he could use my computer and I said he could to.
17 The manager insisted that we are put an advertisement in the papers.
18 Do you know what time do the children finish school?
19 My sister encouraged me how to try once more.
20 They accused him of having been falsified the documents.
Clauses / Linking words
01.- Fill in: where, whose, who, which, when and why
Buying a present for someone is often a tricky business. The first thing 1) …which…. you have to decide is whaty to buy and the shop 2) …… you should go to buy it. Then you might want to buy a joint present with a friend, so you have to find a time 3) …… you are both free. It is probably most difficult buying a present for someone 4) …… you don’t know very well and 5) …… tastes you know little about. You have tot ry to find something 6) ……. you think they would like. However, it is also no easy job buying a present for a close member of your family, such as your mother. I never know what excuse to tell my mother when I go out. I can’t tell her the reason 7) …….. I’m going out because I want to surprise her on the big day. Still, it is worth all the trouble just to see the look of pleasure on someone’s face the moment 8) …… they receive your gift.
02.- Fill in: who, which, whose, when, where or why.
1993 was the year 1) … (when) … I took my first holiday abroad. We were students at the time, with very little money, which is the reason 2) ….. we decided to go to Spain. We booked through the local travel agent, 3) ….. went to a lot of trouble to find us a resort 4) ….. was quiet by day but 5) ….. had a lively night life. I went with my friend Cynthia, 6) ….. has been my friend for nearly six years now. The flight to Malaga, 7) ….. took over five hours, was very comfortable. Cynthia, 8) ….. was a .’ little nervous, was comforted by an air stewardess 9) ….. was very courteous and helpful. The hotel 10) ….. we stayed was just a 10-minute walk from the centre. It had a swimming pool and a gym 11) ….. we used every morning. We spent the first day of our holiday on the beach, 12) ….. was beautiful. Unfortunately, when we got back to the hotel that night my friend, 13) ….. skin is very pale, realised that she had got badly burned. The suncream 14) …..she had applied was simply not strong enough. I explained the situation to the hotel manager, 15) …..was very helpful. He telephoned the local doctor, 16) ….. arrived shortly afterwards. He advised my friend to stay in bed for at least three days. After these three days, my friend, 17) ….. had fully recovered, was ready to go out for the evening. We found a lovely restaurant 18) ….. we tried some local dishes. We had a great time for the rest of our holiday.
We found some very good discos 19) …..we spent many of our evenings. We also went to some places 20) ….. had live Spanish music. We made some good friends 21) ….. we are still in contact with. Cynthia has learned her lesson, too. Whenever we go on holiday in a country 22) ….. climate is hotter than ours, she remembers to bring a high factor sun cream with her.
03.- Rewrite the sentences in as many ways as possible.
1 The hotel where we stayed was in the mountains .
… The hotel in which we stayed was in the mountains / The hotel we stayed in was in the mountains ….
2 That’s the box where we keep the books.
3 The girl to whom John was talking is my sister.
4 The house where I spent my childhood has been demolished.
5 That’s the man to whom he spoke on the day of the murder.
6 The friend I was travelling with spoke German.
04.- Fill in the relative pronoun; adding commas where necessary. Write D for defining, ND for non-defining and whether the relative can be omitted or not
1 The woman …..who/that … bought the house next door is very friendly … D (not omitted) ..
2 Ann ………….is a generous person took us all on holiday.
3 The hospital …………he was treated is a very good one.
4 People ……………..don’t eat meat are called vegetarians.
5 The house …………………. they live is very small.
6 The book ………I am reading at the moment is very interesting.
7 The hotel …………….is opposite the museum is very expensive.
8 People ……………speak two languages equally well are called
bilingual.
9 Dublin …………….. has a population of one million is a very
beautiful city.
10 People …………….. mug other people should be punished.
11 My best friend ………. name is Sarah is living in Poland now.
12 Greece …………has many beautiful islands is a great place for holidays.
13 People …………………drink and drive should be heavily fined.
14 Women ……………………..are pregnant should not smoke.
15 The flat …………………………….she lives in is very cold.
16 Majorca was the first place ……………..we went on holiday together.
17 The man…………… the police arrested last night was charged with murder.
18 The newspaper ……………I buy is always full of interesting articles.
19 The velvet dress ……………..she wore to the party was very expensive .
20 The students …………………were involved in the march were arrested.
05.- Combine the following sentences using relatives.
1 This is the house. Shakespeare lived here .
… This is the house where Shakespeare lived ……
2 She bought a new dress. She wore it to my party .
3 That’s the woman. She won the lottery last week .
4 This is the vase. He bought it at an auction .
5 My friend has a new cat. Its name is Riley .
6 This is the cinema. It was built in 1945 .
7 This is Mary. I’m sharing a flat with her .
8 The cheque only arrived today. He posted it last week .
9 I’m reading Wuthering Heights. It was written by Emily Bronte .
10 Paul’s new car has broken down. This car cost him £10,000 .
11 Here’s a photograph of the hotel. We stayed there last summer .
06.- Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 We met many people on holiday – many of them were from England.
whom
We met many people … on holiday, many of whom … were from England.
2 That customer refused to pay his bill.
who
That’s ………………………………………. pay his bill.
3 We went to a very expensive restaurant.
which
The restaurant ………………………….was very expensive.
4 We had some visitors – three of them were Chinese.
whom
We had some visitors, …………………………Chinese.
5 Many tourists stay at Jury’s Hotel.
where
Jury’s Hotel …………………………………….. stay.
6 Members of the AA can ring this number when their cars break down.
whose
Members of the AA ………………………. ring this number.
7 There are eighty people working here – many of them are Irish.
whom
There are eighty people ……………………….. are Irish.
8 I lost my favourite earrings, which is a pity.
that
It is …………………………………. my favourite earrings.
9 My twenty-three year old brother is in India.
who
My brother ………………………………………in India.
10 Matthew, with whom I went out, is from Wales.
who
Matthew, ………………………………. , is from Wales.
07.-Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense
1 He talked about Denmark as though he … had been. .. (be) there but we know he never has.
2 She looks as if she …………………….(be) really ill.
3 It looks as though it ………………………..(rain).
4 She behaves as if she ……………………(be) in trouble.
5 The weather here is so bad, it looks as though we …………….
(have to) holiday abroad.
6 It smells as if you …………….(put) lots of herbs in the stew.
7 Maeve looked as though she ………….(have) little sleep the
night before, but she had gone to bed quite early.
8 When he speaks, it sounds as if English…………… (not be) his first language.
9 She spoke about university as though she ………………..
(spend) years there but in fact she’d only spent a month there.
10 I spoke to Simon last night and he sounded as though he
……………. (be) really upset about something.
11 She sounded as if she ………………….(be) French.
12 This sauce tastes as if you ……………(put) too much pepper in it.
13 My sister isn’t rich but she spends money as though she …………………….. (have) loads of it.
14 She acts as though she ………………..(be) very confident, but in fact she’s quite shy.
15 She treats me as though I …………………(be) her child.
16 He talks about karate as if he ………………(have) a black belt but we know he’s only just started lessons.
17 Little Tommy was trembling as though he ………… .. (see) a ghost.
18 She behaved as if nothing ……………………. (happen).
19 When Moira broke off their relationship, John behaved as if the world …………………………… (end).
20 That woman looks as though she ……………………… (faint). Bring her some water .
08.- Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words .
1 Someone must have used too much garlic in the sauce.
if
The sauce tasted … as if someone had used. .. too much garlic.
2 You look like you need a holiday.
if
You look …………………………………… a holiday
3 He seems to have lost weight since I last saw him.
as
He looks …………………………….. weight since I last saw him.
4 She had a feeling she had met Gary before.
though
She felt ………………………………….. Gary before
5 She behaves like a beauty queen.
as
She behaves ………………………………… a beauty queen.
6 She seems to need a rest.
if
She looks ……………………………………….. a rest.
7 I mowed the lawn as he had told me to.
way
I mowed the lawn , ……………………………. told me to.
8 She isn’t rich but she acts like a millionairess.
if
She acts ………………………………………. a millionairess.
9 I taught the class as she had instructed me to.
way
I taught the class …………………………….. instructed me to.
10 My grandfather seems to have got much thinner since I last saw him.
as
My grandfather looks ……………….much thinner since I last saw him.
11 I polished the silver like she told me to.
way
I polished ……………………………………….told me to.
12 He orders me like his slave.
as
He orders ………………………………………….. his slave.
09.- Underline the appropriate time phrase and put the verbs into the correct tense.
Dear Friend, The World Wlldlife Fund is currently launching its most important campaign ever to help protect our vanishing species of wildlife from extinction. 1) (Before/As soon as) the tum of the century there 2) ……. (be) more than 40,000 tigers in India, while now there are uround 3,750. 3) (Before/Until) twenty years ago the numbers of Black Rhinos 4) ……. (exceed) 60,000. Now, less than 2,500 remain. 5) (As
long as/As soon as) animal habitats continue to be burned, polluted and destroyed, species 6) ……. (continue) to disappear. 7) (While/When) there 8) …….. (be) still a demand for illegal rhino horns and tiger bones, the hunting of wildlife will continue. 9) (By the time/Every time) people 10) ……. (become) aware of the situation, it may be too late. We must act now 11) (before/until) these animals 12) ……. (disappear) forever. That’s why WWF is urging all governments to get tough on illegal traders. 13) (Every time/Whlle) a crime against wildlife 14) ……. (be/exposed), we are one step closer to our goal. If, like me, you believe that we must do all we can to stop this destruction, join the fight today and support the WWF campaign. Your gift will go directly to our vanishing species programme. Please support this crucial work. WWF can’t fight alone.
10.- Fill in “if” or “when” and put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
1 I will visit you … when … I … finish … (finish) work today.
2 The aeroplane will take off without us ……. we …….(arrive) late at the airport.
3 …….you …….(not/reach) a decision yet, I’ll call back tomorrow.
4 ……. (you/finish) this report?
5 …….. John …….. (return) from work, we can go shopping.
6 …….. Jack ……. (ring) while I am out, tell him to be here at 12.00.
7 ……. I ……. (be) ready, I’ll give you a call.
8 ……. we can’t come up with the money soon, the deal ……. (fall through).
9 ……. the star …….. (arrive) at the hotel, she will be greeted by crowds of fans.
10 …….. (you/stop) lying about your age?
11.- Complete the sentences in any meaningful way using an appropriate time word.
1 The shop had closed … before/by the time they got there .
2 She went into the classroom . ………………………….
3 The baby cried for its mother ………………………………… .
4 I recognised him …………………………………………..
5 The cake must be left to cool down ……………………… .
6 I will meet you ……………………………………… .
7 She couldn’t walk properly…………………………….. .. .
8 I want to see you………………………………………. .
12.- Fill in: where, wherever, everywhere or anywhere.
1 …Wherever/Everywhere … I looked, people were dancing.
2 ……. Ruth goes, she always misses England.
3 Now that Hilary has a car she can go ……. she wants.
4 David tends to be happy……. he is living.
S I don’t mind ……. we go to eat, as long as it’s cheap.
6 Have you seen my watch ……. in the house?
7 You can see these advertisements ……. you go.
B I couldn’t find a parking space ……. close to the office.
13.-Join the sentences using the words in brackets.
1 It was raining. The match was called off. (due to)
…. Due to the rain, the match was called off ….
2 He left her. He couldn’t put up with her complaints. (for) .
3 We can’t go on holiday. There’s too much work to do. (since) .
4 I can’t come with you. I have to visit my uncle. (as) .
5 She made mistakes. She wasn’t experienced. (because) .
6 I didn’t know that she had been married. She seldom talks about herself. (since)
7 She took a break. She wasn’t feeling well. (because) .
8 She was soaked to the skin. It was raining very hard. (as)
9 He is in debt. He will have to reduce his spending a lot. (on the grounds that) .
10 They turned back. They didn’t want to get stuck in the traffic. (for)
14.- Fill in: so, such or such a(n) .
A few years ago, I spent my holiday on the Greek island of Santorini. I was 1) … so … worried about travelling alone that I became quite nervous. However, about five minutes after the ferry had left I met 2) ….. nice American couple that I stayed with them for the whole holiday. When we docked, we were pushed onto a bus that was filled with 3) ….. a lot of people that we felt as if we couldn’t breathe. At the bus station there were 4) ….. many people waiting to offer us accommodation that we decided to ignore them, preferring to walk along the main road to find somewhere to stay ourselves. After an hour or so we started to think that not accepting any of the men’s offers of accommodation had been 5) ….. bad idea that we decided to ask someone for help. We asked an old man if he knew of anywhere we could stay. He led us to a lovely little apartment on the edge of a cliff. It was 6) ….. gorgeous a flat, and the view was 7) ….. good that we took it immediately. We had brought 8) ….. few things with us, and it took us 9) ….. short time to unpack that we were on the famous black sand beach in no time. We had 10) ….. nice time together and we became 11) ….. good friends that we still keep in touch, sending letters and Christmas cards. This year Scott and Arianne are coming to Scotland to spend Christmas with me. It will be great to see them again.
15.-Rewrite the text using such/so … that
There were many people in the station. I was unable to find the friend I had arranged to meet. It had also been a long time since I’d seen her. I barely. remembered what she looked like. Then, suddenly I heard a familiar voice behind me. “Marilyn, is that really you?” Rachel smiled at me. “It’s been terribly long. I’ve got an awful lot of things to tell you. Come on! Let’s go somewhere for coffee.” I took her to a lovely cafe I know. It was a very nice da~ we decided to sit outside in the sun. We had a lot to say to each other. We didn’t notice the time fly. We used to spend a lot of time together. I always knew what she was thinking. We had never kept secrets from each other. Now, she seemed happy enough, but her eyes looked really sad. I was sure that there was somet)1ing she wasn’t telling me. When I confronted her, she said that everything was fine. “Don’t try to pretend, Rachel,” I said. “We’ve been very good friends for many years now. You can’t possibly think I can’t tell that you’re upset.”.
16.- Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 The town was so unfriendly that we left immediately.
an
It was … such an unfriendly town that … we left immediately.
2 He couldn’t eat the food because it was very spicy.
for
He couldn’t eat ……………………………….. very spicy.
3 Do you know the reason for her being so upset?
why
Do you …………………………………….upset?
4 It was such a lovely summer in England that we stayed at home.
so
It ……………………………..in England that we stayed at home.
5 The trip abroad was cancelled due to lack of interest.
of
The trip abroad was cancelled …………………………….interest.
6 She was rushing to the office so she couldn’t talk to me.
consequently
She was rushing to the office and ……………………….. to me.
7 It was such an interesting book that I stayed up all night to finish it.
so
It was ………………………I stayed up all night to finish it.
8 No one knows what caused his illness.
why
No one knows ………………………………………………. ill
9 She lost her ticket so she had to buy another one.
result
She lost her ticket and ……………………….. to buy another one.
17.- Join the sentence in as many ways as possible as in the example:
1 We took some food. We might get hungry on the journey
…We took some food so that we wouldn’t get hungry on the journey./ We took some food In case we got hungry on the journey./ We took some food to avoid getting hungry on the journey. /We took some food so as not to get hungry on the journey. etc …
2 She studies hard. She wants to get a good job when she finishes university .
3 We flew direct to Rome. We didn’t want to get stuck in London .
4 He has joined a gym. He wants to be healthy and fit for the summer .
5 She didn’t go to town yesterday. She didn’t want to spend any money .
18 Join the sentences using the words in brackets.
1 He’s taking driving lessons. He wants to be able to drive to work. (so that)
… He’s taking driving lessons so that he’ll be able to drive to work ….
2 She left her jewellery in a safe deposit box. It may be stolen. (fear) .
3 The beekeeper put on a veil and helmet. He didn’t want to be stung by the bees. (avoid) .
4 She is on a strict diet. She wants to fit into her black dress for the party. (as) .
5 He left home early. He wanted to be at the restaurant on time. (in order to) .
6 I’ll bring something for dessert. We may want to eat something sweet later. (in case)
7 This is a bread bin. You use it to keep bread fresh. (for) .
8 I brought my umbrella. The weather forecast said it would rain later. (in case) .
19.-Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 He had taken an anorak so he wouldn’t get wet.
avoid
He had taken an anorak … to avoid getting … wet.
2 Travellers are advised to take out insurance. Their luggage may go astray.
case
Travellers are advised to take out insurance …………. astray.
3 Lynn has just bought a new car. She plans to drive around Europe this summer.
aim
Lynn bought a new car …………..around Europe this summer.
4 There are ramps in the road so that motorists won’t drive too fast.
prevent
There are ramps in the road ………………………..too fast.
5 John took up karate. He wanted to become fitter.
view
John took up karate …………………………….fitter.
6 I’ll pack some juicefor the picnic. We may be thirsty later.
case
I’ll pack some juice for the picnic ……………………….later.
7 I went to the market early. I wanted to buy some fresh fish.
in
I went to the market early ……………………some fresh fish.
8 This is a hammer. You use it to bang in nails.
for
A hammer is ………………………………………nails.
9 Mary did her Christmas shopping early. She didn’t want to do it on Christmas Eve.
avoid
Mary did her Christmas shopping early…………..on Christmas Eve.
10 Dennis is saving money. He wants to go to Australia.
order
Dennis is saving money ……………………… to Australia.
11 She started an art and design course last year. She plans to open her own business.
view
She started an art and design course last year …………….her own business.
20.- Fill in an appropriate purpose word and put the verbs into the correct form.
Dear Sir/Madam,
We have produced this injormction sheet 1) ..wlth a view .. to maklng…. (make) the registration procedure easier for you. Read it carefully 2) …………….(famlliarlse) yourself
with the procedure.
Each faculty must register at a certain time so please do come on time 3) ……. (not/make) the process more dlfficult. You must report to the registrar’s office 4) …….. (give) her your personal details. You must also brlng your passport with you 5) ………they ………..(verify) these details. After this
you must go to the main section 6) ………….(have) your photograph taken. You will then be given your student identijicntion card which may be used 7) ……. (take out) books. We have included a map of the campus 8) …….. you ……..(not/get) lost.
We look forward to seeing you on registration day.
Yours faithfully,
Jane Smith
21.- Underline the correct item.
1 Yet/No matter what he does to please her, she always finds something to complain about.
2 Although/However I set my alarm clock for 7.00 am, it didn’t go off.
3 Despite/Even though the bad weather forecast, Susan and Jim went climbing.
4 She tries hard, although/yet she makes little progress.
5 Tom’s wife drives better than he does, whereas/although he won’t admit it.
6 Lots of people drive fast although/in spite of police warnings.
7 Bad mannered though/yet he is, he has got lots of friends.
8 She is a brilliant singer; while/nevertheless, she refuses to sing in public.
9 Rich as/even though they are, they never buy expensive things.
10 However/While much she denies it, she does dye her hair blonde.
11 She speaks Japanese fluently, yet/despite she has never visited the country.
12 In spite of/However all the bad publicity, the film became a box office success.
13 Janine turned up at the wedding even though/despite she wasn’t invited.
14 However/Though hard he tries, he’ll never outsmart Pat.
15 Much as/yet I admire her, I can’t accept her point of view on this matter.
16 The northwest of the country gets a lot of rain whereas/as the east gets more snow.
22.- Fill in: although/though/even though, despite, while/whereas, but, however/no matter how, or nevertheless.
Your Stars
” … And now for a quick look at what’s in store for Librans this month. It may seem like all work and no play at the moment. 1) … Nevertheless … , if you apply yourself, you’ll feel satisfied with a job well done. And don’t worry! 2) ……………difficult things may be right now, you’ll soon have a chance to relax. 3) ……………. having a lot on your mind, you must be
careful not to neglect your partner. 4) ………………… you are probably feeling confident and secure in your relationship, he/she is likely to be in need of some extra love and attention. There will be a lot of demands on your time this weekend 5) …… the situation will ease by the end of the month. And 6) ……. there may be lots of changes in store for you, there’s nothing you can’t cope with.”
23.- Rephrase the sentences in as many ways as possible in order to express concession.
1 The weather was cold. They enjoyed the picnic
…. Despite the weather being cold, they enjoyed the picnic./ Although the weather was cold, they enjoyed the picnic. / Cold as the weather was, they enjoyed the picnic./ In spite of the fact that the weather wag cold, they enjoyed the picnic. / The weather was cold. They enjoyed the picnic, though. etc . …
2 She is young. She is sensible .
3 He is thin. He went on a diet.
4 He had no money. She married him
5 He is wealthy. He never spends money on himself .
24.- Complete the missing parts of the sentences using words expressing concession.
1 …No matter what he says… , you mustn’t believe him.
2 ………………………….., he lost the election.
3 He didn’t get the job ………………………………
4 …………………………..he can’t get over his divorce.
S He wants to buy a new car, …………………….
6 ……………………… , the shop wouldn’t replace it.
7 ……………………………… , he insulted her.
8 The film was boring ………………………………..
25.- Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 Diamonds are expensive but people buy them.
though
Even … though diamonds are expensive … , people buy them.
2 The weather is so warm that we’re wearing T-shirts, even though it’s almost Christmas.
yet
It’s almost ………………….so warm that we’re wearing T-shirts.
3 He tried to solve the problem but he couldn’t find the solution.
how
No ………………..to solve the problem he couldn’t find the solution.
4 He got a well paid job even though he didn’t have much experience.
of
In ……………………….experience, he got a well paid job.
5 He read the book. although he found it boring.
fact
He read the book ………………………………..it boring.
6 You can say what you like but I don’t think he’ll win.
matter
No …………………………………. I don’t think he’ II win.
7 Although she dislikes pets, she allowed her children to get a dog.
nevertheless
She …………………………her children to get a dog.
8 John is interested in computers. His wife enjoys gardening.
while
John is interested in computers …………………..gardening.
9 You can try all you want, but you’ll never convince him to help you.
matter
You’ll never convince him to help you, ……………………..try.
10 She was very upset but she managed to behave cheerfully.
as
Upset ……………………………to behave cheerfully.
11 I like horror films; they frighten me though.
even
I like horror films ……………………………….me.
12 She was very tired and as a result she fell asleep at the wheel.
that
She was … so tired that she … feel asleep at the wheel.
13 The player was disqualified because he had been caught cheating.
due
The player was disqualified …………he had been caught cheating.
14 She received three letters this morning. All of them were from Tony.
which
She received three letters this morning, …………..from Tony.
15 The way she behaves, you’d think she was the director.
as
She ………………………………………the director.
16 You are advised to book early so that you can be sure of a place.
order
You are advised to book early …………………..of a place.
17 The match had already finished when I got there.
by
The match had already finished ,……………….. there.
18 It was an exciting match, even though our team lost.
despite
It was an exciting match, ……………………………….. lost
19 The film got several reviews; none of them were favourable.
which
The film got several reviews, …………………….favourable.
20 The children ran away to avoid being bitten by the dog.
fear
The children ran away ………………………….bite them.
21 The mountain was too high for us to climb in one day.
such
It was ……………………….we couldn’t climb it in one day.
22 She is good natured; she loses her temper easily, though.
as
Good natured , ………………….she loses her temper easily.
23 He didn’t get the job because he did badly in the interview.
his
He didn’t get the job ………………….badly in the interview.
24 Be sure to arrive early if you don’t want to miss the beginning of the play.
as
Be sure to arrive early ………………….. the beginning of the play.
26.- Fill in: what (a/an), how, so or such (a/an).
1 …What a …………strange man he is!
2 ……………….inconsiderate of you!
3 It was …………..lovely meal!
4 ………………….sweet she is!
5 …………………shiny hair she has!
6 The film was ………………boring!
7 ……………..cold it is!
8 …………….nice eyes he’s got!
9 The journey was ………………..long!
10 He’s ……………..interesting person!
11 ………………..awful day I had!
12 …………………tasty biscuits!
13 ……………….high he jumps!
14 Her pies are ……………..delicious!
15 They are ……………….noisy neighbours!
16 ………………..warm the sea is!
17 ……………….odd thing to do!
18 They had ……………….. wonderful holiday!
19 ……………….dirty Tommy is!
20 ……………….nice weather we’re having!
27.-Rephrase the following as in the example:
1 It was such an exciting match! …
….Wasn’t the match exciting!/What an exciting match!/ How exciting a match!/Wasn’t it an exciting match!/ The match was so exciting! …
2 How expensive a coat!
3 Isn’t she clever!
4 It was such a waste of time!
5 The water is so dirty!
6 Wasn’t it a terrible storm!
7 What cold hands!
8 How lucky John is!
9 He’s so forgetful!
10 She cooks so well!
11 Doesn’t he talk nonsense!
28.- Fill in: what (a/an), how, so or such (a/an).
John: Did you see that film last night? I’ve never seen anything as good as that!
Simon: The one with Harrison Ford? Yes, It was 1) … so … well-made!
John: And I couldn’t believe 2) ….. funny it was in places!
Simon: And 3) ….. lot of special effects!
John: Yes. The whole thing had 4) …… strong effect on me! Actually, I couldn’t stop thinking about it.
Simon: I wonder how long it will be before there’s a sequel.
John: I don’t know. Very soon, I imagine, as the film was 5) ….. good!
29.- Join the sentences using words in brackets.
1 Claire is reliable. She is conscientious too. (in addition to)
… In addition to being reliable Claire te algo conecientioue. (positive addition) ….
2 There have been severe snowstorms allover Britain. Scotland has been the worst hit. (specifically)
3 Peter can’t afford a holiday this year. Dick can’t either. (neither … nor)
4 Many famous people supported the cause. Princess Diana and Michael Jackson did, for example. (such as)
5 My nephew likes to wear a watch. He can’t tell the time yet though. (even though)
6 The film was good. The ending was a bit of a disappointment, though. (except for)
7 The firefighter rushed into the blazing building. He didn’t think of the danger. (regardless of)
8 Colin’s mother is French. He can’t speak a word of the language, though. (and yet)
9 The elderly woman walked very slowly and hesitantly. She was probably in great pain. (as if)
10 I would like to make an appointment with the bank manager. It’s about my application for a loan. (concerning)
11 I suppose I can tell you. You mustn’t tell anyone else. (providing)
12 I always have a hot chocolate before I go to bed. It helps me to sleep. (in order to)
13 Yesterday I found a wallet. It contained over a hundred pounds. (which)
14 I really enjoy surfing. It’s difficult. (although)
30.-Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 I haven’t worn my blue dress for a long time.
since
It’s a long time … since I last wore … my blue dress.
2 There was a queue at the supermarket so I was late home.
due
I arrived home late ………..there was a queue at the supermarket.
3 James has decided to buy a motorbike; we can’t stop him.
prevent
We can’t ………………………………..a motorbike.
4 She studied biology because she wanted to be a nurse.
view
She studied biology ……………………………a nurse.
5 He was hard-working but he couldn’t find a job.
though
Hard-working ………………………..not find a job.
6 She left all her money in the bank because she was afraid of being burgled.
fear
She left all her money in the bank …………………..burgled.
7 I cashed a cheque because I might need more money.
case
I cashed a cheque …………………………..money.
8 Take some sandwiches. There may not be a cafe at the station.
in
Take some sandwiches …………………….a cafe at the station.
9 My little brother is very different from me.
like
My little brother is …………………………. me.
10 He was the only one who didn’t enjoy the film.
except
Everyone ………………………………….him.
11 Always drive carefully if you don’t want to have an accident.
avoid
Always drive carefully …………………….an accident.
12 He won’t agree to modernising the office, not even to hiring more staff.
alone
He won’t agree to modernising the office ……………..more staff
13 Whatever you say, I will never marry him.
what
I will never marry him …………………………..you say.
14 You can come with me but only if you promise to behave yourself.
provided
You can come with me ………………….to behave yourself.
15 Once everybody had arrived, the teacher began the lesson.
had
The teacher waited …………………she started the lesson.
16 I used to work in that shop.
where
That’s the shop ………………………………………work
17 She was so worried that she couldn’t concentrate on her work.
too
She was ………………………………………..on her work.
18 I didn’t tell him what I thought because I didn’t want to upset him.
so
I didn’t tell him what I thought ……………………..him.
19 It was such a loud bang that we all jumped.
so
It was …………………………………we all jumped.
20 The music was too loud; I got a headache.
such
It was ……………………………….. I got a headache.
31.- Find the word which should not be in the sentence.
1 He was promoted as because of his exceptional performance at work.
2 As a result of his being waking up late, he missed the meeting.
3 The woman who greeting the crowd is the Duchess of Kent.
4 The star hired a bodyguard for fear of she might be kidnapped.
5 A pen is used for to writing.
6 Despite of being pressed for time, he listened to her complaints.
7 Brilliant though his proposals as were, they were not accepted.
8 Those whose houses were damaged by the flood they will be compensated.
9 I’ll collect the tickets before I will go to the office.
10 Nobody knows the reason for his being absence.
11 She crossed the street to avoid from meeting him.
12 How so considerate of you to give us a call!
13 The man that arrested for arson will appear in court today.
14 When they will finish rehearsing, they are planning to give a press conference.
15 They introduced new measures in order that to control the situation.
16 She has got so little of information that she can’t possibly help us.
17 They’re planning to record the match in case they will miss it.
18 Theirs was such a nice furniture that we all admired it.
19 What an awful weather!
20 This is the fireman who he risked his life to save the girl.
21 We were running out of time so that we had to make haste.
22 He decided to visit the place where Monet spent his life there.
23 The MP, whose his speech made such an impression, is leaving for Paris tonight.
24 He left early so that as to be sure of getting to work on time.
25 John acts as if he were been in charge of the whole department.
Review exercises
01.- Rewrite the sentences putting the adjectives into the correct place, then identify what kind of adjectives they are.(opinion, size, age, shape, colour, origin, material,used for)
1 I love ice-cream. (strawberry, Italian, tasty) … I love tasty Italian strawberry ice-cream …. (opinion, origin, material)
2 They have a sofa. (leather, navy-blue, modern) ……….
3 He loves his bike. (new, red, expensive, mountain) ……….
4 She has a voice. (lovely, singing, pure) ……….
5 He’s just sold that suit to a woman. (beautiful, slim, tall, French, young) ………….
6 She bought curtains. (brown and orange, dining-room) . ………
7 She bakes cakes. (chocolate, delicious, birthday, round) ………..
8 June has a puppy. (tiny, brown, fluffy) …………………………..
9 She was given a dress. (black, spectacular, Italian, evening) . ………..
10 He bought a racquet. (tennis, graphite, new) . ……….
11 He has a grandfather. (French, ninety-year-old, wonderful) . ………..
12 We watched a film. (boring, German, black and white) . ………..
13 She wears lipstick. (pink, horrible,glossy) ……………………….
14 We used to have a teacher. (strict, old, biology, American) . ………..
15 It was a dress. (wedding, antique, cream, stunning, lace) . ……….
16 Yesterday we went to the club. (huge, sports, modern) . ……….
17 Mary has a job. (sales, demanding, new) . …………
18 The house has a kitchen. (large, well-equipped, white, modern) . ……….
19 It was a pool. (marble, huge, white, swimming) . . ………..
20 He has a bag. (black, big, school) . …………
21 I have rarely seen such a film. (American, well-made, detective) ………….
02.- Underline the correct adjective.
1 A gold/golden eagle glided gracefully across the sky.
2 She ruined her silk/silky suit by washing it
3 We had to climb over a low stone/stony wall.
4 He approached the task with steel/steely determination.
5 This soap will leave your skin feeling silk/silky and soft.
6 Leathery/Leather coats never seem to go out of fashion.
7 This plant has soft feather/feathery leaves.
8 We spotted the metal/metallic blue car speeding into the tunnel ahead.
9 The manager’s stone/stony expression showed that all was not well.
10 She was given an expensive gold/golden watch for her twenty-first birthday.
03.- Put the adjectives in the correct order.
It’s a 1) … beautiful large stone … (stone, beautiful, large) villa on the coast, with spectacular views of the sea. You will love the 2) (old, huge, marble) ……………….swimming pool we
have in our 3) (mountainside, terraced, colourful) ……………garden. There is a 4) (sunny, stone, rectangular) …………..patio at the front with many 5) (terracotta, flower-filled, circular) ………….pots. The house has five 6) (elegant, white, medium-sized) …………bedrooms and three marble bathrooms – each with its own 7) (antique, little, wonderful) ………….wall-painting. The living room has a 8) (cool, lovely, marble) ………..floor with 9) (expensive, Persian, antique) …………rugs and comfortable sofas. You can eat in the many 10) (Italian, excellent, traditional) ……………..restaurants nearby and enjoy using the facilities in the new sports centre.
04.- Make compound adjectives to describe the following.
1 A student who has been taught well. …a well-taught student…
2 A letter that you have been waiting for for a long time…………
3 A person who loves having fun…………..
4 A garden which is tended perfectly ……………..
5 A life that is free of trouble. ………………..
6 A visit that was not timed well. …………….
7 An action that is not advisable ……………………..
8 A journey of seven days …………………..
05.- Use the words in capitals to form a word that fits in the space in the same line.
Taking a break
Choosing a holiday can be an (0) ..exciting…and EXCITE
(1) …. experience. Imagining all the places you ENJOY
might visit can add a (2) …. touch to the MAGIC
(3) …..routine of everyday life. Long, REPEAT
(4) …… beaches and a hotel room with a SUN
(5) …….view is what many of us expect of an SPECTACLE
(6) ……….holiday. Some people prefer a calm, ENJOY
(7) …….time, while to others a more active, RELAX
(8) …………. holiday is more
(9)….. . Whatever you choose, if you plan carefully, APPEAL
you’re bound to have an (10) …. time. FORGET
o6. Fill in “the” where necessary.
1 He takes … the … disabled children in his area riding on Friday afternoons.
2 When the government decided to raise taxes …………….rich people were unhappy and ………poor were devastated.
3 Christmas can be a very sad time for ………….lonely people and ……….. homeless.
4 We were relieved to hear that all ………. injured were recovered from the wreckage before the plane exploded.
5 ………. survivors carried ….. injured people to the ambulances.
6 ……….deaf communicate by using sign language.
07. Rewrite the sentences putting the adverbs in the correct place and making any other necessary changes.
1 Ferries sail to the island. (weekly, twice, only, during the winter)
… Ferries sail to the island only twice weekly during the winter ….
2 He does the shopping. (reluctantly, at the supermarket, every week)
3 She waited for her test results. (worriedly, in the hospital, all day)
4 The clock strikes twelve times. (exactly, in the hall, at midday)
5 My mother used to read to me. (aloud, always, in the evenings)
6 The soldiers marched. (to the battlefield, bravely, yesterday)
7 They go by car. (at weekends, to the leisure centre, sometimes)
8 We arrived after a bumpy flight. (in Scotland, eventually, safely, extremely)
9 The detective had been following the suspect. (all day, carefully)
10 She walks. (quickly, every morning, to the station)
11 The little boy ran. (excitedly, from the room, suddenly)
12 She turned up looking annoyed. (at the party, unexpectedly, terribly)
13 He studied. (hard, all morning, in his bedroom)
14 She looked at her reflection. (for ten minutes, carefully, in the mirror)
15 The children sit and play. (in their room, for hours, happily)
16 He waved goodbye. (to his friend, at the airport, sadly)
17 The old boat sailed into the harbour. (slowly, through the water, this afternoon)
18 He ran to answer the phone. (down the stairs, to the hall, quickly)
19 She sat reading a book. (all day, lazily, by the fire)
20 He looked to see if anyone was there. (out the window, nervously, this morning)
08 . Rewrite the text putting the adverbs in the correct place.
Have you thought about your child’s future? (carefully) Have you thought about sending your child to boarding school, but have been worried about how your child would react to being away from you? (particularly) On the 22nd and 23rd of this month, we at St James are opening our doors to parents like you. St James is located near Chatwick main train station and sits on a mountainside overlooking the Menta Lakes. (conve-
niently / picturesquely) Students sleep in twin rooms that have been redecorated and are designed to be as comfortable as possible. (tastefully / specially) Students work hard and are supervised by experienced teachers. (all day) In the evening they can sit in our comfortable canteen for a very nutritious meal prepared by our resident chef who selects only fresh ingredients. (daily / expertly) Once you’ve spent the day with us, we can guarantee you and your child will want to reserve a place. (at once)
Example: ….. Have you thought carefully about your child´s future? ..
09. Identify the highlighted words as adjectives or adverbs.
This year’s road race was the 1) best I’ve ever seen. The event is held 2) yearly, and entrance to the main stand is 3) free. The race is always a 4) sure exhibition of exceptionally 5) fine driving. It was a 6) cold morning, and the teams had woken up 7) early to get their cars ready They had trained 8) long and 9) hard to get here. The race was due to start at 11 o’clock, but started 10) late as the track wasn’t 11) clean. There was a 12) loud roar when all the drivers started their cars, then they proceeded 13) quickly to the starting line. The gun went off, and the cars moved, as if in 14) slow motion. They drove 15) past the stands, and turned a 16) tight corner onto the main circuit. On the fifth lap one driver made a 17) wrong decision, and his car stopped 18) dead as it collided with a safety-barrier. The race was 19) fast, and all the drivers drove 20) well, but it was 21) clear from the beginning who was going to win: an Australian driver had taken the 22) inside lane and overtaken everybody in only the second lap. Over the rest of the race he managed to distance himself 23) further from all the other cars. It was an 24) easy victory for him, and he continued round the track for an 25) extra lap to celebrate his win.
10. Underline the correct item.
1 I managed to get to New York easy/easily by flying there directly/direct.
2 She has been deeply/deep upset by his behaviour late/lately.
3 Lately/Late the cost of living has been increasing; things generally are not nearly/near as cheap as they used to be.
4 It is wide/widely believed that she was wrong/wrongly accused.
5 Laura is a very shy person who rare/rarely goes out and she does not mix free/freely with the other students.
6 She is highly/high regarded in the school as people can get on with her easily/easy.
7 I was not full/fully satisfied with the doctor as he had wrong/wrongly diagnosed my previous illness.
8 “Do you intend to leave shortly/short?” “I think so. I’ve nearly/near finished.”
9 He’ll surely/sure get a good grade; he’s been studying very hardly/hard for the past year.
10 I was prettily/pretty embarrassed when I realised that I had hardly/hard enough money to pay the bill.
11 He came last/lastly in the race and was pretty/prettily disappointed by his performance.
12 The train goes direct/directly to Edinburgh without stopping so it will probably be full/fully.
13 She free/freely admitted that she had not been working very hard/hardly recently.
14 It is wide/widely believed that politicians are people who can’t be full/fully trusted.
15 Sure/Surely we must be near/nearly there by now.
11. Underline the highlighted word(s) which can be used. In some sentences all words might be possible.
1 Ann has four children, and they’re all quite/rather/ fairly/pretty well behaved.
2 That was quite/rather/fairly/pretty an interesting speech Jane gave. I was quite/rather/fairly/pretty impressed.
3 Life is quite/rather/fairly/pretty more difficult now than it was in the past.
4 It was quite/rather/fairly/pretty obvious that he was lying.
5 Ken is quite/rather/fairly/pretty a good painter and quite/rather/fairly/pretty imaginative too.
6 The supermarket stocks quite/rather/fairly/pretty a wide variety of imported products but they are quite/rather/fairly/pretty expensive.
7 It’s quite/rather/fairly/pretty colder today than it was yesterday. Be quite/rather/fairly/pretty sure to dress up well.
8 She’s quite/rather/fairly/pretty an arrogant woman. I find her quite/rather/fairly/pretty difficult to get on with.
9 Can we stop for a bite to eat soon? I’m feeling quite/rather/fairly/pretty hungry.
10 The exercise took quite/rather/fairly/pretty longer than I expected.
11 This exercise is quite/rather/fairly/pretty difficult but I’m quite/rather/fairly/pretty sure you can do it.
12 The journey takes quite/rather/fairly/pretty a long time but the ticket is quite/rather/fairly/pretty cheap.
12. Put the adjectives in brackets into the correct form.
Kinsale may be one of 1) … the smallest… (small) towns in Southern Ireland but it’s also one of 2) (famous)………. .
It is well known for its 3) (wonderful) ……….fish restaurants. Some of 4) (good) ………… known chefs in the world have
trained in the restaurants there. The town itself is one of 5) (picturesque) ………….in Southern Ireland. It’s situated by the sea, which ensures that it is 6) (cool)…………….. in the summer than other inland towns. A 7) (huge) ……….cathedral overlooks the town and it is one of 8) (breathtaking) ………….. in the whole area. To the north of the town lies one of 9) (high) ………. mountain ranges in the country. The town is very 10) ……………… (beautiful), with its many craft shops and narrow cobbled streets. Most tourists visit Kinsale for its fish restaurants, which are family owned. This means that the service there is 11) (good) ………. than in other restaurants. The staff are 12) (welcoming) ……………. there than anywhere else. The
food may be 13) (expensive) ……….. but you’ll have one of 14) (pleasurable) ………. evenings of your life there. So go ahead and visit Kinsale.
13. Change the words in brackets into adverbs and put them into the correct form.
Finally, a new washing powder that gets rid of stains 1) … effectively. .. (effective) and leaves your clothes 2) (brilliant) ………. white. New “All-bright” cleans 3) (powerful) ………….. than any other product on the market. It gets the dirt out 4) (quick) ……… and 5) ……… (thorough) than any ordinary powder. Indeed, in no time at all new “All-bright” will be selling 6) (good) ……… than any other brand at your supermarket. With a prize-winning formula that has been researched 7) (extensive) …………by our scientists than any other product, success is guaranteed. With new “All-bright” your money will go 8) ……………… (far) than it’s ever gone before. So pick up your box of new “All-bright” today’ .
14. Underline the correct item.
I am writing to request 1) farther/further information on the climbing holidays you run. I am 2) most/much interested in climbing, but fear that I will be 3) most/much older than the other participants. Also, I am 4) far/very less fit than I used to be. Nonetheless, I am 5) even/very keener on the sport than ever. So my question is, will there be climbs which are 6) a bit/most easier for older ones like me? In addition, do you do discounts for pensioners? Your holidays are 7) very/even expensive for someone on a low income. I look forward to hearing from you and receiving 8) any/more details.
15. Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 As he gets older, he seems to become more sensible.
the
The older he becomes, … the more sensible … he seems.
2 The students would rather start early than finish late.
than
The students would prefer ……………………finish late.
3 Wouldn’t you rather have juice than water?
to
Wouldn’t you ………………………………water?
4 I spent half as much money as my brother.
twice
My brother spent .. …………………….. I did.
5 Riding a bike is easier than riding a horse.
as
Riding a horse is ……………………………. a bike.
6 Wouldn’t you prefer to come out instead of staying at home alone?
rather
Wouldn’t you ……………………………..at home alone?
7 I didn’t think it would be so difficult.
more
It was ……………………………I thought.
8 This building is older than the church.
so
The church ……………………………….this building.
9 His job is getting more hectic all the time.
and
His job is ……………………………………. all the time.
10 David and I have sent the same number of Christmas cards.
many
I have sent …………………………………..David.
11 I’d weigh a ton if I ate all you do.
as
If I ………………………………. , I’d weigh a ton.
12 The post office was nearer than we thought.
far
The post office ………………………… we thought.
13 If you work hard, the exam will be easy.
the
The harder you work, ……………………………….. will be.
14 The party will be better if many people come.
more
The , ……………………………..the better the party will be.
15 I would rather eat chocolate than apples.
eating
I prefer ………………………………………… apples.
16 My husband likes a cooked breakfast but I prefer just toast.
whereas
I ………………………….my husband likes a cooked breakfast.
17 Today I feel happier than ever.
as
I’ve never felt . ………………………………. today.
18 That dress is a third of the cost of the blue one.
much
The blue dress is ………………………… that one.
19 Chris finds mathematics easier than physics.
not
Physics is . ………………………………………….. for Chris.
20 I’m sorry but this is the fastest I can go.
any
I’m sorry but I ………………………………..than this.
16. Fill in “as” or “like“.
1 Although it lives in the sea, the whale is classed … as … a mammal. It may look a dangerous beast, but it is really ………gentle …………….a lamb.
2 My friend George describes himself ………a great singer. He thinks he has a voice ……….an angel, but when he sings it sounds …………..a cat wailing! He works ………a taxi driver and everybody keeps telling him not to give up his job!
3 McTaverty’s Tavern has been described ……..the best restaurant in Perthshire, with dishes that smell delicious and taste …….they have been made with only the finest ingredients. Surprisingly, the prices are not …..high …….you might expect.
4 Majorie works …..a criminal lawyer and is regarded ……an expert in her field. She works extremely hard and at the end of a long day in court all she feels ….. doing is collapsing in front of the TV.
5 If you want to go on a diet, do ……your doctor tells you. There are some foods such ….vegetables which you can eat much of you want. Why not try soya meat? It tastes just …..real meat and can be used in the same way ….. mince, but is a low-fat food.
6 …..I was saying, you look exactly ….. my cousin Hilary – you know, the one who works …..an air hostess.
7 Fred was known ……an unpunctual person and ……usual, he was late again. After standing in the rain ….. an idiot for half an hour, gradually getting wetter and wetter, I decided to go home before I began to look ……a drowned rat.
8 Howard and Hugh aren’t related but they look almost exactly the same ….. each other. They are referred to ….. “The Twins”. When they walk into a room, it’s …..seeing double.
9 For ….. long ….. I live, I’ll never forget my first holiday in Hawaii. It was ……paradise. I intend to return there ……soon ….. I can afford the air fare.
10 Trying to make sense of the written word is a bit ….. being lost in a forest: all the trees look the same,
just ….. for a young child all the words look the same ……each other
17. Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to fwe words.
1 Samantha is prettier than Julia.
as
Julia … is not as pretty as … Samantha.
2 He’s the most amusing person I’ve ever met.
than
He is ………………………………………… I’ve ever met.
3 John can be a very good cook when he is in the right mood.
well
John ……………………………when he is in the right mood.
4 As I get older, I become happier.
the
The …………………………………………I become.
5 Why didn’t you find a cheaper restaurant?
cheapest
Is this ……………………………..you could find?
6 Laura has been a professional dancer for five years.
professionally
Laura ……………………………..for five years.
7 Caroline is the meanest woman I’ve ever met.
never
I’ve …………………………woman as Caroline.
8 We have got the same number of brothers.
many
I have got …………………………. you.
9 Charlotte and Elizabeth look very much alike.
similar
Charlotte ………………….Elizabeth
10 Doctor Doyle is caring to all her patients.
way Doctor Doyle …………………………………….. to all her patients.
11 We’ve never had such a wonderful holiday.
most
This is …………………………………..we’ve ever had.
12 He plays snooker very well.
good
He ……………………………………snooker player.
13 Tracy eats more cheese than I do.
less
I ………………………………………..Tracy does.
14 He likes reading more than watching TV.
rather
He ………………………………..watch TV.
15 Jane is more artistic than I am.
less
I …………………………………….. Jane.
19. Find the word which should not be in the sentence.
1 The lions are noble animals. (The)
2 The author’s latest novel wasn’t any more better than his previous one.
3 Your version of the incident is as very confusing as Peter’s.
4 This soup tastes like as porridge.
5 They hardly not understood where all their money had gone.
6 I’d sooner than go now.
7 I always feel more safer when I’m wearing a seat-belt.
8 His offer was many more generous than we had expected.
9 Your behaviour is getting the worse and worse.
10 She prefers wholemeal bread than to white bread.
11 Their car cost three times as much more as ours.
12 He is known as like “the living legend” of his time.
13 I’d rather buy a second-hand car than to spend so much on a new one.
14 It was the most best offer I could ever have had.
15 Your sofa is much similar to the one in my living room.
Review exercises
01.-Read the following sentences, then identify the use of each verb in bold.(ability, obligation, requests, possibility, necessity, prohibition/duty, criticism, logical assumptions, probability, permission, offers/suggestions, advice)
1 They can’t have lied. (example: logical assumption – negative)
2 You must tell them the truth _________
3 He was able to run the Marathon __________
4 Can you help me with my homework? ____________
5 He should have seen a doctor ___________
6 You’d better admit to your guilt ___________
7 They don’t have to employ more staff ____________
8 Shall I speak to the Manager about my problem? ___________
9 People ought to treat animals with respect __________
10 She isn’t at home. She may be at the supermarket _________
11 He had to wear glasses _________
12 She could at least have told me in advance __________
02.-Identify the use of the verbs in bold, then say the same sentence in as many ways as possible .
1 She can cook Chinese food. (ability/ She has to cook Chinese food)
2 Tim may come over today.
3 He should be at the party tonight.
4 They must have gone out; the lights are off.
5 I need to call my mother.
6 You ought to take an umbrella; it’s raining.
7 You could at least have driven her to work.
8 I have to help Mum clean the house.
9 Can I have a look at your newspaper?
10 Would you like me to carry that for you?
11 We can go to the beach tomorrow.
12 You may not smoke in the hospital.
13 All employees must attend the meeting.
14 The dogs need to be fed at 12:00
15 You should go to Pam’s party.
16 Shall we go out tonight?
17 People ought to drive more carefully.
18 She can’t be feeling well.
03.-Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 I’m sure she lost the race.
have
She … must have lost … the race.
2 Perhaps she will phone us sometime today.
may
She ……………………………………….. sometime today.
3 I don’t think the Rogers have been living here long.
been
The Rogers …………………………………… here long.
4 I’m sure he has spent all his money.
have
He …………………………………. all his money
5 I’m sure James won’t be seeing the boss tomorrow.
be
James …………………………………… the boss tomorrow.
6 Perhaps he is feeling ill.
be
He ………………………………………………..ill.
7 I’m sure Alan wasn’t driving carelessly.
been
Alan ……………………………………………. carelessly.
8 Perhaps he had left before you called.
have
He ………………………………………….. before you called.
9 I’m sure she is considering your offer.
be
She ……………………………………………… your offer.
10 Perhaps they rented the flat.
may
They ………………………………………………. the flat.
04.- Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to fwe words.
1 It’s forbidden to feed the animals.
not
You … must not feed … the animals.
2 It isn’t necessary to cut the grass; it’s still quite short.
have
You …………………………………..the grass; it’s still quite short.
3 It’s prohibited to take dogs into the restaurant.
not
You …………………………………..into the restaurant.
4 It isn’t necessary to dust the furniture; I’ll do it later.
need
You ………………………………….the furniture; I’ll do it later.
5 Children aren’t allowed to run in the corridor.
not
Children ………………………………………….in the corridor.
6 Sixth formers needn’t wear school uniforms.
have
Sixth formers …………………………… school uniforms.
05.-Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1 Tim went on a two-day trip. He took more clothes than necessary.
have
Tim … needn’t have taken. .. so many clothes on a two-day trip.
2 He decided not to take his passport because it wasn’t necessary.
need
He ……………………………………..his passport.
3 We bought more food than was necessary for the party.
have
We …………………………so much food for the party.
4 It wasn’t necessary for Gloria to iron the clothes because Sue had already done it.
have
Gloria ……………….the clothes because Sue had already done it.
5 It isn’t necessary to have a visa to visit Australia.
need
You …………………………a visa to visit Australia.
6 It wasn’t necessary for Jim to accept the offer.
have
Jim ………………………………………the offer.
06.-Read the following sentences and explain their meaning.
1 You were supposed to eat your salad. … (Your mother wanted you to eat your salad)… .
2 You should clean your room . …………………………….
3 You are to finish your homework . ………………………..
4 All students are supposed to do their homework . ……………..
5 You are supposed to wear running shoes . ……………………..
6 You should wear running shoes . ………………………….
7 I was to walk the dog twice a day . …………………………
8 I was supposed to walk the dog twice a day . …………………
07.-Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.
1 Let’s go jogging. (shall) … Shall we go jogging? ..
2 Please turn the TV off. (could) . ………………………
3 Am I allowed to sit here? (may) . …………………………..
4 Please answer the phone. (will) . ………………………………..
5 Don’t bite your nails. (must) . ………………………………..
6 Do you mind if I use your pen? (can) . ……………………….
7 I wish I had checked the tyres. (ought) ………………………..
8 These curtains don’t have to be ironed. (need) . …………….
9 It’s not polite to speak with your mouth full. (should) . …………
10 Why don’t we visit Mark and Jane? (shall) . …………………..
11 Is there any chance that he’ll phone? (likely) . ……………….
12 It’s advisable to brush your teeth after meals. (should) . ……..
13 There’s a possibility that he’ll arrive a little late. (might) ……..
14 Do you know how to ice-skate? (can) . ……………………
15 It wasn’t necessary to show any identification but he did. (need) ………………..
16 Why didn’t you tell me there was no one in? (could) . ………..
17 It wasn’t necessary for us to wait because there was no queue. (need) . ……………………….
18 Let’s go to the cinema tonight. (shall) . . ………………………
19 It’s important that you be here at 9.00. (must) . ……………
20 I’m sure he is a millionaire. (must) . …………………………
21 Perhaps he’ll change his mind. (may) . ……………………
22 Please, help me carry these! (could) . ……………………..
23 I don’t believe she paid so much for that dress. (can) . ………
24 It’s a good idea to lock the door at night. (should) . …………..
25 Is there any chance we’ll get a pay rise? (likely) . …………….
26 Why didn’t they inform us of the delay? (could) . ……………..
27 We could try to mend it ourselves. (Let’s) . ………………..
28 It wasn’t necessary for you to go to so much trouble. (need) . ………………
29 It’s a good idea to show more respect. (ought to) . ……….
30 You have to inform the bank of any change of address. (must) . ………………………..
08.-Fill in the blanks with a suitable word or phrase practising modals. Identify the use of the modal verb and/or the expressions used.
1 She … must have worked … (work) late last night; she looks exhausted. (…logical assumption… )
2 When we emigrated to Australia, we (leave) ………….our pets behind.
3 (we/go)?………………….. It’s getting late.
4 You (start) ………..learning Spanish if you’re going to live in Madrid.
5 You (be) ……………..kinder to her; she’s only a baby.
6 (you/collect) ………………….my parcel for me?
7 You (not/smoke) ………………cigars on an aeroplane.
8 You (not/pay) ……………by cheque without a cheque guarantee card.
9 The doctor says I (lose) …………… weight before my operation.
10 (I/paint) …………………..my room a different colour, please?
11 You really (not/eat) ……………. so much red meat.
12 He (take) …………………your car since he had the keys.
13 I’m sorry to bother you but …………………….(you/help) me?
14 Call them later; they………………………. (sleep) now.
15 You (write) …………………. to your grandfather more often.
16 She types very fast. Actually she (type) ……………150 words per minute.
17 You (confirm) ……………………….your resignation in writing.
18 Ian (tell) ……………..her the truth; she now feels betrayed.
19 Ann (play) …………………the piano at the age of six.
20 They (sell) ………………….their flat and buy a bigger one.
09.-Read the following situations, then write how you would respond to each using modals.
1 Your friend has won £10,000 in the lottery. What do you advise her to do?
… “You should go to Venice.’ / “Why don’t you go to Venice?” …
2 Your friend cannot sleep at night. What do you suggest he does? .
3 It is snowing. Tom said he would be home early and he still hasn’t arrived. What do you think? .
4 Some children are playing football in the flower beds. What do you say to them? .
5 It is your birthday. Your friend gives you a very expensive present. What do you say? .
6 You are at a train station. An old lady is carrying a heavy suitcase. How do you offer to help her?
7 You are in a train. The window is open and you are cold. What do you say to the other passengers?
8 You see your windowcleaner with a broken arm. What do you say to your friend?
9 You are looking after your young cousin. It is after midnight and he is still running around the house. What do you say to him?
10 Your friend hurt her leg a week ago. She still hasn’t seen her doctor. What do you tell her to do? .
11 Your friends are late for your dinner party. What do you say as you impatiently look at your watch?
12 Your friends arrive three hours late for the dinner party. They say they were delayed by an unexpected visitor. How do you reply?
10.-Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to fwe words.
1 Perhaps the car needs a new engine.
need
The car … may/might need … a new engine.
2 Why don’t you go to Canada for a holiday?
could
You …………………………………… for a holiday.
3 Shall I get you a cup of tea?
me
Would you ………………………………..a cup of tea?
4 Sue will probably go to see her aunt.
is
Sue ………………………..to see her aunt.
5 It wasn’t necessary for them to buy such a big car as they did.
have
They ………………………………….such a big car.
6 It’s forbidden to smoke in this building.
not
You ……………………………………..in this building.
7 It would be a good idea to change your hairstyle.
better
You ……………………………………..your hairstyle.
8 Why didn’t anybody warn me about the bus strike?
have
You ……………………………..about the bus strike.
9 It isn’t necessary for you to attend the meeting.
need
You …………………………………… the meeting.
10 Let’s go to the cinema.
going
What ……………………………………the cinema?
11 I’m sure he is seeing Ruth.
be
He ………………………………….Ruth.
12 It isn’t necessary for you to come early tonight.
have
You …………………………………..early tonight.
13 I’m sure he didn’t send you this letter.
sent
He …………………………………………this letter.
14 May I read your newspaper?
mind
Would …………………………………your newspaper?
15 I’m sure she wasn’t lying to you.
been
She …………………………………………to you.
16 She is likely to fail her exams.
that
It is …………………………………………..her exams.
17 It’s forbidden to talk to the driver while he is driving.
must
You …………………………. the driver while he is driving.
18 It wasn’t necessary for him to give me the money back so soon.
given
He …………………………….the money back so soon.
19 Perhaps she went to her uncle’s.
have
She ………………………………… to her uncle’s.
20 Shall I help you lengthen your dress?
me
Would ………………………………you lengthen your dress?
11.-Find the word which should not be in the sentence.
1 You needn’t to repeat the course. (to)
2 Mick was being able to change the faulty fuse on his own.
3 Maeve might have been helped you if you had asked her.
4 Fortunately, we didn’t have needed to walk the whole distance.
5 Would it you like me to pick up the laundry?
6 He should have must known better than to trust her.
7 Jeremy would like that to study nuclear physics.
8 She had has to work overtime every day last month.
9 They ought to have had given us more instructions.
10 Let’s not to argue about this any more.
11 The Prime Minister is being supposed to leave for the USA tonight.
12 Were you allowed it to take photos inside the museum?
13 They can’t have had spent all that money in just one week. 14 Children are may not to be left unattended at any time.
15 Would they mind if my bringing a friend along?
16 They must have pack all their things before noon.
17 You should have try to treat customers more politely.
18 Might I to ask you for a favour?
19 You needn’t have to invited so many people.
20 Let’s we go to Ann’s.
Use of English 